Houseplant Identification 101

It can be soothing to care for houseplants and help them grow. But it’s hard to take good care of your houseplants if you don’t know what they are. Welcome to Houseplant Identification 101!

Not all plants are created equal, and the ideal care for one plant will quickly cause another to wither. That’s why houseplant identification is so important.

But what if you inherited a plant without a label, or long since forgot what species your houseplant is? How do you ensure that you’re taking good care of it?

Identifying your houseplants is important to ensure that you’re taking care of them properly. Each plant species has different needs regarding:

• Watering. The amount of water that’s ideal for a cactus would kill a venus flytrap. Many houseplants also have specific needs as far as how they should be watered – for example, most bonsais are best watered by soaking and orchids do well with melting ice cubes.
• Soil Type. Not all potting soil is created equal, and not all plants have the same “taste.”
• Sunlight Amount. There are sun-lovers and shade-lovers and everything in between. If your plant is withering, it could be that it’s just not getting the right amount of light!
• Pot Size and Spacing. Some plants like to be kept nice and close – they actually like a smaller pot. Others really thrive when they’re allowed to breathe. 
• Mulching or Fertilizer. Most plants need some “plant food” – but the amount and type will vary based on species.
• Pruning. Some plants never really need pruning, while others should be trimmed regularly.
• Common Concerns. Some plants are vulnerable to certain parasites or blights. If you know what those are, you’re more likely to effectively protect your houseplants from them!

Most Common Houseplants

Field guides aren’t always very helpful for houseplant identification because they focus on local plants in a given area. If you have no idea where your plant is native to, it can be really tricky to get a positive identification!

You can generally narrow down your houseplant into one of a few broad categories: is it a small tree, a succulent or cactus, a vine, a fern, or another type of herbaceous plant? What are the veins on the leaves like? Is it flowering? What are the flowers like? What shape are the leaves? 

Houseplants have become an integral part of modern home decor, offering aesthetic appeal and a touch of nature to even the most urban of environments. Not only do they brighten up our living spaces, but they also purify the air, reduce stress, and promote a sense of well-being.

In this article, we will explore the most common houseplants and provide tips for their care and for houseplant identification. This will ensure that your green companions continue to thrive.

Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum)

This is a popular and easy-to-grow houseplant known for its long, arching leaves with green and white variegation. One of its distinctive features is the production of baby plants, or “spiderettes,” which dangle from the mother plant on long, slender stems, resembling spiders on a web. When it comes to houseplant identification, Spider Plants are not only visually appealing but are also known for their air-purifying properties, helping to remove toxins like formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene from indoor environments.

Care tips:

1. Light: Spider Plants prefer bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions. Avoid placing them in direct sunlight, as this can cause the leaves to scorch or turn yellow.
2. Water: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Be cautious not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A combination of regular potting soil and perlite or coarse sand works well.
4. Humidity: Spider Plants can tolerate average indoor humidity levels but will appreciate higher humidity. To increase humidity around the plant, mist the leaves regularly, place the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water, or use a humidifier.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 60-75°F (15-24°C). Keep the plant away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Spider Plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer every month during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency during fall and winter.
7. Pruning: Trim any brown or yellowing leaf tips to maintain a healthy and attractive appearance. You can propagate the spiderettes by rooting them in water or directly in soil.
8. Pest control: Spider Plants can be susceptible to pests like spider mites and aphids. Regularly inspect your plant and treat any infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Spider Plant remains a healthy and attractive addition to your indoor living space. Using our houseplant identification techniques, you can be sure to bring this plant home from the garden shop. It offers both visual interest and air-purifying benefits.

Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum)

Also known as Devil’s Ivy, is a popular and hardy houseplant appreciated for its heart-shaped leaves with variegated shades of green and gold. Its trailing growth habit makes it an ideal choice for hanging baskets or as a climbing plant when provided with support. The Golden Pothos is also known for its air-purifying properties, helping to remove toxins like formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene from indoor environments. Because it looks similar to many other plants, it can be difficult for houseplant identification techniques.

Care tips:

1. Light: Golden Pothos thrives in low to bright indirect light. While it can adapt to lower light conditions, the variegation in its leaves may become less pronounced. Avoid placing it in direct sunlight, as this can cause the leaves to scorch.
2. Water: Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Golden Pothos prefers consistent moisture, but it is important not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A standard houseplant potting mix or a mix containing peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite works well.
4. Humidity: Golden Pothos can tolerate average indoor humidity levels but will appreciate higher humidity. To increase humidity around the plant, mist the leaves regularly, place the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water, or use a humidifier.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 65-85°F (18-29°C). Keep the plant away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Golden Pothos with a balanced liquid fertilizer every two months during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency during fall and winter.
7. Pruning: Trim long vines to promote bushier growth and maintain the desired shape. You can propagate the cuttings by rooting them in water or directly in soil.
8. Pest control: Keep an eye out for pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Golden Pothos remains a healthy and attractive addition to your indoor living space, offering both visual appeal and air-purifying benefits.

Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata)

Also known as Mother-in-Law’s Tongue, is a popular and hardy houseplant known for its striking, upright, sword-like leaves with bold, dark green patterns. The architectural appearance of the Snake Plant makes it an attractive addition to any interior space, and also a very simple target for houseplant identification. Besides its visual appeal, the Snake Plant is also an excellent air purifier, removing toxins like formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene from the surrounding environment.

Care tips:

1. Light: Snake Plants can adapt to a wide range of light conditions, from low light to bright, indirect light. They can even tolerate some direct sunlight, but prolonged exposure may cause the leaves to yellow or burn.
2. Water: Water the Snake Plant sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is essential to avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A mix designed for cacti and succulents or a combination of regular potting soil and perlite or coarse sand works well.
4. Humidity: Snake Plants are not particularly sensitive to humidity and can tolerate average indoor humidity levels.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 70-90°F (21-32°C) for optimal growth. Keep the plant away from cold drafts and temperature fluctuations.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Snake Plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer twice a year, once in the spring and once in the summer.
7. Repotting: Snake Plants grow slowly and prefer to be slightly root-bound. Repot only when the plant has outgrown its current pot or becomes top-heavy, typically every 2-3 years. Choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one and use a well-draining potting mix.
8. Pest control: Watch for pests like mealybugs and spider mites. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Snake Plant remains a healthy and attractive addition to your indoor living space, offering both visual interest and air-purifying benefits.

Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum spp.)

Spathiphyllum is a popular indoor plant, cherished for its lush, dark green foliage and elegant white blooms that resemble calla lilies. The flowers consist of a white, hood-like sheath called a spathe, which surrounds a central spike or spadix. In addition to adding beauty to your home, the Peace Lily is also known for its air-purifying abilities. It helps to remove toxins such as formaldehyde and benzene from the surrounding environment. It is also a very simple target for houseplant identification.

Care tips:

1. Light: Peace Lilies thrive in low to medium indirect light. They can tolerate bright, indirect light but should be protected from direct sunlight, which can cause the leaves to scorch or turn yellow.
2. Water: Keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Water the Peace Lily when the top inch of soil feels dry, ensuring that the plant doesn’t sit in standing water. The plant may wilt if it becomes too dry, but it should recover quickly after being watered.
3. Humidity: Peace Lilies prefer moderate to high humidity levels. To increase humidity around the plant, you can mist the leaves regularly, place the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water, or use a humidifier.
4. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 65-75°F (18-24°C). Avoid placing the plant near cold drafts, heating vents, or air conditioners.
5. Fertilizer: Feed your Peace Lily with a balanced liquid fertilizer every six weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency or dilute the fertilizer during fall and winter.
6. Flower care: Remove faded blooms and yellowing leaves to maintain a healthy and attractive appearance. The plant may produce fewer flowers in low light conditions, but this should not harm its overall health.
7. Repotting: Repot the Peace Lily every 1-2 years or when it becomes root-bound. Choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one and use a well-draining potting mix.
8. Pest control: Keep an eye out for pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Peace Lily remains a vibrant and beautiful addition to your indoor living space, offering both visual appeal and air-purifying benefits.

ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia)

Zamioculcas is a popular and hardy houseplant known for its glossy, dark green leaves, which grow along thick, upright stems. Its attractive, low-maintenance nature makes it an excellent choice for both novice and experienced plant enthusiasts. The ZZ Plant is also known for its ability to tolerate a range of light conditions and its drought-resistant qualities, making it ideal for those with busy schedules or less-than-ideal growing environments. The ZZ plant makes for a bit more difficult target for houseplant identification.

Care tips:

1. Light: The ZZ Plant can adapt to a variety of light conditions, ranging from low light to bright, indirect light. It can also tolerate some direct sunlight, but prolonged exposure may cause leaf scorching.
2. Water: Water the ZZ Plant sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it’s better to err on the side of underwatering.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A mix designed for cacti and succulents or a combination of regular potting soil and perlite or coarse sand works well.
4. Humidity: The ZZ Plant is not particularly fussy about humidity and can tolerate average indoor humidity levels. However, it will appreciate occasional misting or being placed on a tray of pebbles with water to increase humidity around the plant.
5. Temperature: This plant prefers average room temperatures, ideally between 65-75°F (18-24°C). Keep it away from cold drafts and extreme temperature fluctuations.
6. Fertilizer: Feed the ZZ Plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer every three months during the growing season (spring and summer). Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can cause the leaves to become discolored and the plant to grow too quickly.
7. Cleaning: Wipe the leaves occasionally with a damp cloth to remove dust and maintain their glossy appearance.
8. Repotting: ZZ Plants grow slowly and typically only need repotting every 2-3 years. When repotting, choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one and use a well-draining potting mix.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your ZZ Plant remains a healthy and attractive addition to your indoor living space.

English Ivy (Hedera helix)

This is a versatile and attractive evergreen vine known for its ability to climb and cover structures, such as walls and fences, or to be used as a ground cover. With its lobed, dark green leaves and trailing growth habit, English Ivy is also a popular choice for hanging baskets and indoor container gardens. It is an easy-to-grow plant that can thrive in a variety of environments, making it a popular choice among houseplant enthusiasts. English ivy can also be difficult for houseplant identification because of the many different types of ivy species.

Care tips:

1. Light: English Ivy prefers bright, indirect light but can tolerate low light conditions. Avoid placing it in direct sunlight, as this can scorch the leaves.
2. Water: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Be careful not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
3. Humidity: English Ivy thrives in moderate to high humidity. To maintain the desired humidity levels, you can place the plant on a tray filled with pebbles and water or use a humidifier.
4. Temperature: This plant prefers cooler temperatures, ideally between 60-70°F (16-21°C). Keep it away from drafts, heaters, and air conditioners.
5. Fertilizer: Feed English Ivy with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the feeding frequency during the fall and winter months.
6. Pruning: Regularly trim the vines to maintain the desired shape and promote bushier growth. You can also propagate the cuttings in water or soil to create new plants.
7. Pest control: English Ivy can be susceptible to pests like spider mites, aphids, and scale insects. Regularly inspect your plant and treat any infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
8. Repotting: Repot your English Ivy every two years or when it becomes root-bound. Choose a well-draining potting mix and a container that is one size larger than the current one.

By following these care tips, your English Ivy will continue to flourish, adding a touch of natural beauty to your living space.

Philodendron (Philodendron spp.)

This is a diverse group of tropical plants known for their lush, heart-shaped leaves and climbing or trailing growth habits. With over 400 species in the genus, Philodendrons are popular houseplants that can adapt to various indoor environments. Due to the number of species, Philodendrons can be difficult for houseplant identification.

Some common varieties include Philodendron hederaceum (Heartleaf Philodendron), Philodendron bipinnatifidum (Lacy Tree Philodendron), and Philodendron selloum (Hope Philodendron). These plants are not only visually appealing but are also known for their air-purifying properties, helping to remove toxins from the surrounding environment.

Care tips:

1. Light: Philodendrons prefer bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions. Keep them away from direct sunlight, as this can cause the leaves to scorch or turn yellow.
2. Water: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Be cautious not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A combination of regular potting soil, peat moss, and perlite or coarse sand works well.
4. Humidity: Philodendrons prefer moderate to high humidity levels. To increase humidity around the plant, mist the leaves regularly, place the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water, or use a humidifier.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 65-80°F (18-27°C). Keep the plant away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Philodendron with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency during fall and winter.
7. Pruning: Regularly trim the vines to maintain the desired shape and promote bushier growth. You can propagate the cuttings by rooting them in water or directly in soil.
8. Pest control: Keep an eye out for pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Philodendron remains a healthy and attractive addition to your indoor living space, offering both visual appeal and air-purifying benefits.

Fiddle-Leaf Fig (Ficus lyrata)

Ficus plants are a popular houseplant known for its large, dramatic leaves that resemble a violin or fiddle. Native to the tropical rainforests of West Africa, this plant has become a favorite among interior designers and plant enthusiasts alike for its bold, sculptural presence.

Fiddle-Leaf Figs can also be a difficult target for houseplant identification when it’s younger, but easy to recognize when fully grown. While the Fiddle-Leaf Fig is a beautiful addition to any indoor space, it is also considered to be somewhat finicky, requiring specific care to thrive.

Care tips:

1. Light: Fiddle-Leaf Figs prefer bright, indirect light. Place the plant near a sunny window with filtered light or behind a sheer curtain. Avoid exposing it to direct sunlight, as this can cause the leaves to scorch.
2. Water: Water the plant when the top 1-2 inches of soil feels dry to the touch. Be cautious not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot. Fiddle-Leaf Figs prefer consistent moisture, but it is essential to let the soil dry slightly between waterings.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A combination of regular potting soil, peat moss, and perlite or coarse sand works well.
4. Humidity: Fiddle-Leaf Figs prefer moderate to high humidity levels. To increase humidity around the plant, mist the leaves regularly, place the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water, or use a humidifier.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 65-75°F (18-24°C). Keep the plant away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Fiddle-Leaf Fig with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency during fall and winter.
7. Pruning: Regularly remove any dead or damaged leaves to maintain the plant’s health. You can also prune the plant to shape it or control its size. If your Fiddle-Leaf Fig becomes too tall, you can trim the top to encourage branching.
8. Rotation: Rotate your Fiddle-Leaf Fig every few months to ensure even growth and exposure to light.
9. Pest control: Inspect your plant regularly for pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can help your Fiddle-Leaf Fig thrive and maintain its stunning appearance, making it a beautiful focal point in your indoor living space.

Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica)

This is a popular houseplant known for its large, glossy, dark green leaves and impressive height. Native to Southeast Asia, this plant is a member of the fig family and can grow up to 10 feet tall indoors, making it a striking addition to any interior space.

Rubber plants can also be difficult for houseplant identification because they can look fairly generic. The Rubber Plant is not only visually appealing but also known for its air-purifying properties, helping to remove toxins like formaldehyde from indoor environments.

Care tips:

1. Light: Rubber Plants prefer bright, indirect light. Place the plant near a sunny window with filtered light or behind a sheer curtain. Avoid exposing it to direct sunlight, as this can cause the leaves to scorch or turn yellow.
2. Water: Water the plant when the top 1-2 inches of soil feels dry to the touch. Rubber Plants prefer consistent moisture, but it is essential to let the soil dry slightly between waterings to prevent overwatering and root rot.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix to prevent waterlogging. A combination of regular potting soil, peat moss, and perlite or coarse sand works well.
4. Humidity: Rubber Plants can tolerate average indoor humidity levels, but they will appreciate higher humidity. To increase humidity around the plant, mist the leaves regularly, place the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and water, or use a humidifier.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 60-75°F (15-24°C). Keep the plant away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Rubber Plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency during fall and winter.
7. Pruning: Regularly remove any dead or damaged leaves to maintain the plant’s health. You can also prune the plant to shape it or control its size. If your Rubber Plant becomes too tall, you can trim the top to encourage branching.
8. Cleaning: Wipe the leaves regularly with a damp cloth to remove dust and maintain the plant’s appearance.
9. Pest control: Inspect your plant regularly for pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can help your Rubber Plant thrive and maintain its beautiful appearance, making it a stunning addition to your indoor living space.

Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis)

This plant is a popular succulent plant known for its medicinal properties, particularly the soothing gel found in its leaves. This plant is native to the Arabian Peninsula and has been used for centuries to treat skin ailments, such as burns and wounds.

Because there are many types of Aloe plants, Aloe barbadensis can be a bit difficult for houseplant identification. Aloe vera’s unique appearance, with its thick, fleshy leaves arranged in a rosette, makes it an attractive and low-maintenance houseplant suitable for any indoor space.

Care tips:

1. Light: Aloe vera prefers bright, indirect light or filtered sunlight. It can tolerate some direct sun, but prolonged exposure to harsh sunlight can cause the leaves to turn yellow or brown.
2. Water: As a succulent, Aloe vera is drought-tolerant and requires infrequent watering. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is essential to avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.
3. Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix specifically designed for cacti and succulents or create your own mix using equal parts regular potting soil, coarse sand, and perlite.
4. Humidity: Aloe vera can tolerate average indoor humidity levels. Excessive humidity can cause problems, so ensure proper ventilation around the plant.
5. Temperature: Maintain a consistent room temperature between 55-80°F (13-27°C). Keep the plant away from cold drafts, heating vents, and air conditioners. Aloe vera can tolerate temperatures as low as 40°F (4°C), but it is best to avoid exposure to frost or freezing temperatures.
6. Fertilizer: Feed your Aloe vera with a balanced liquid fertilizer specifically designed for cacti and succulents every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer). Reduce the frequency during fall and winter.
7. Repotting: Aloe vera grows slowly and typically does not need frequent repotting. Repot the plant when it has outgrown its current pot or if the roots are crowded, usually every 2-3 years. Choose a pot with drainage holes that is slightly larger than the current one and use a well-draining potting mix.
8. Pest control: Watch for pests like mealybugs, scale insects, and spider mites. If you notice any infestations, treat the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.

By following these care tips, you can ensure that your Aloe vera remains a healthy and attractive addition to your indoor living space, providing both visual interest and natural healing properties.

Conclusion

Houseplants offer a range of benefits that can significantly improve your indoor living space and overall well-being. Houseplant identification can come in very handy when targeting specific needs for your home. Some of the key advantages of keeping houseplants include:

1. Air purification: Many houseplants are known for their ability to remove toxins and pollutants from the air, including formaldehyde, benzene, and xylene. This can lead to improved indoor air quality and a healthier living environment.
2. Humidity regulation: Houseplants can help regulate indoor humidity levels by releasing moisture through a process called transpiration. This can create a more comfortable living environment, particularly in dry or arid climates.
3. Stress reduction: Studies have shown that the presence of houseplants can reduce stress, anxiety, and fatigue. They create a calming atmosphere and promote relaxation, making indoor spaces feel more inviting and soothing.
4. Enhanced focus and productivity: Research has indicated that having houseplants in workspaces can boost productivity, creativity, and focus. They can also improve memory retention and concentration, making them a valuable addition to offices or study areas.
5. Aesthetic appeal: Houseplants can instantly enhance the visual appeal of any indoor space, adding color, texture, and life to the surroundings. They can be used to create stunning focal points, define areas, or simply complement existing interior design.
6. Natural air fresheners: Some houseplants, such as lavender, jasmine, and gardenia, emit pleasant fragrances that can naturally freshen the air and create a more inviting atmosphere.
7. Therapeutic benefits: Caring for houseplants can offer therapeutic benefits, as it encourages nurturing, patience, and mindfulness. Engaging with plants can provide a sense of accomplishment and help individuals connect with nature, even in urban environments.
8. Improved sleep: Certain houseplants, like the snake plant and aloe vera, release oxygen at night, which can contribute to a better night’s sleep by improving air quality and oxygen levels in the bedroom.
9. Noise reduction: Houseplants can help absorb and reduce indoor noise levels by softening surfaces and creating a more peaceful environment.

By incorporating houseplants into your living space through houseplant identification, you can enjoy a range of benefits that contribute to a healthier, more comfortable, and visually appealing environment.