Circadian rhythms are the natural, internal processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and repeat roughly every 24 hours. 



These rhythms, influenced by environmental cues like light and darkness, play a crucial role in various bodily functions ranging from sleep regulation to hormone release.



When these rhythms fall out of sync - due to factors such as artificial lighting, irregular schedules, or travel across time zones - people can experience disruptions in sleep, mood, and overall well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lights-reset-circadian-rhythms">Lights reset circadian rhythms</h2>



New research has revealed that the vibrant blue and orange hues seen at sunrise and sunset may hold the key to resetting these rhythms. 



By mimicking these natural light cycles, scientists at the University of Washington in Seattle have developed a novel LED light that emits alternating wavelengths of blue and orange. 



The LED device, designed to realign circadian rhythms, has been proven to significantly advance melatonin production. This could offer a promising solution for those suffering from sleep disorders and other health issues linked to circadian misalignment. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-improving-circadian-health">Improving circadian health</h2>



Published in the Journal of Biological Rhythms, the research represents a breakthrough in how humans can influence circadian rhythms. 



The findings hold significant promise for improving circadian health. Study co-author Jay Neitz is a professor of ophthalmology in the UW School of Medicine. 



“Our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercising-shift-internal-clock/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">internal clock</a> tells us how our body's supposed to act during different times of day, but the clock has to be set. If our brain is not synced to the time of day, then it's not going to work right," said Professor Neitz.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-disrupted-circadian-rhythms">Disrupted circadian rhythms </h2>



The study suggests new strategies to combat seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other health issues linked to disrupted circadian rhythms, offering hope for improving <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleep-quality-is-determined-by-daily-activities/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep quality</a>, mood stabilization, and overall mental health.



Circadian rhythms are naturally reset daily by the 24-hour solar light-dark cycles, which help regulate our biological processes in alignment with the environment. 



Professor Neitz noted that the light used in the LED device has alternating blue and orange wavelengths which stimulate the circuit that our brains use to reset our internal clocks.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-melatonin">The role of melatonin </h2>



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/melatonin-keeps-fruits-and-vegetables-fresh-as-well-as-helping-you-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Melatonin</a>, the hormone responsible for sleep regulation and the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, is produced when light signals from the eyes stimulate specific areas of the brain to begin the winding-down process for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-sleep-patterns-affect-your-health-over-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep</a>.



This hormone plays a critical role in helping the body adjust to darkness, promoting relaxation, and ensuring restful sleep.



People spending more time under artificial light, especially in the evening, often experience delayed melatonin production, which can disrupt their sleep patterns and overall well-being. 



Prolonged exposure to artificial lighting can also interfere with the body’s ability to properly align with natural day-night cycles, contributing to sleep disturbances and fatigue.



To address this issue, the research team conducted a study comparing different types of artificial lights to measure their impact on melatonin production and their effectiveness in resetting circadian rhythms.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-revolutionary-approach-to-lighting">A revolutionary approach to lighting</h2>



Unlike other commercial products that emphasize blue light to trigger melanopsin, this new LED light emits alternating blue and orange wavelengths, which stimulate a different circuit in the retina. 



“The light we developed does not involve the melanopsin photopigment. It stimulates a blue-yellow opponent circuit that operates through cone photoreceptors in the retina," explained Professor Neitz.



In an experiment, participants were exposed to three different light devices. The alternating blue-orange LED led to the most significant shift in melatonin production, advancing it by 1 hour and 20 minutes, compared to just 40 minutes for the blue LED and 2.8 minutes for white light.



“Even though our light looks white to the naked eye, we think your brain recognizes the alternating blue and orange wavelengths as the colors in the sky,” said Professor Neitz.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lighting-the-way-forward">Lighting the way forward</h2>



The LED device has now been successfully commercialized through the University of Washington. The product is distributed by TUO, a Chicago-based company. This marks an important step toward bringing this technology to the public.



By harnessing the natural color palette of sunrise and sunset, this innovative lighting solution offers a new approach to resetting circadian rhythms, potentially transforming how we address <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/daylight-saving-time-changes-are-directly-linked-to-sleep-disorders/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep disorders</a>, mood regulation, and overall health.



The technology holds the promise of improving well-being for those affected by modern lighting and lifestyle challenges, helping individuals reconnect with the rhythms of the natural world.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/07487304241262918" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Biological Rhythms</a>.



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Colors of sunset and sunrise reset our circadian rhythms

Circadian rhythms are the natural, internal processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and repeat roughly every 24 hours. These rhythms, influenced by environmental cues like light and darkness, play a crucial role in various bodily functions ranging from sleep regulation to hormone release. When these rhythms fall out of sync - due to factors such as artificial lighting, irregular schedules, or travel across time zones - people can experience disruptions in sleep, mood, and overall well-being. Lights reset circadian rhythms New research has revealed that the vibrant...

A recent study led by Syed Ayaz, a graduate research assistant at the <a href="https://www.uah.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Alabama in Huntsville</a> (UAH), has investigated kinetic Alfvén waves and their potential role in heating the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/large-coronal-hole-from-geomagnetic-storm-prompts-aurora-alert-for-northern-us/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">solar corona</a>.&nbsp;



Ayaz's research, under the guidance of the <a href="https://www.uah.edu/cspar" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research</a> (CSPAR), addresses the long-standing mystery of why the corona - the sun’s outer atmosphere - is significantly hotter than the sun’s surface.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-mechanism-behind-coronal-heating">The mechanism behind coronal heating</h2>



“For decades, Alfvén waves have been proven to be the best candidates for transporting energy from one place to another,” said Ayaz.&nbsp;



“This paper utilizes a novel approach to model energetic particles in space plasmas, as observed by satellites like Viking and Freja, to answer how the electromagnetic energy of the waves, interacting with particles, transforms into heat during the damping process as the waves move through space.”



This energy transport could be crucial in understanding the mechanism behind coronal heating, as these waves might transfer energy from the sun's <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/solar-dynamo-sun-magnetic-field-origin-generated-near-surface/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">magnetic fields</a> to the plasma in the corona, raising its temperature.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-perplexing-heat-of-the-sun-s-corona">Perplexing heat of the sun's corona</h2>



The study primarily focuses on the perturbed electromagnetic fields, Poynting flux vector, and the power delivery rate of kinetic Alfvén waves within the solar atmosphere. 



The corona extends about eight million kilometers above the sun's surface and is perplexing because it reaches temperatures over a million degrees Kelvin, vastly exceeding the sun's surface temperature of approximately 6,500 degrees.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-the-study">Significance of the study</h2>



Dr. Gary Zank, director of CSPAR and the Aerojet Rocketdyne chair of the UAH Department of Space Science, emphasized the significance of Ayaz's work. 



“Syed is one of our outstanding students who is just starting out on his research career. His abiding interest in Alfvén waves has now resulted in his investigation of these waves at very small scales, the so-called kinetic scale in a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plasma-rain-sun/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plasma</a>."



Dr. Zank noted that this research offers important insights into the critical problem of how energy in a magnetic field is transformed to heat a plasma comprising charged particles like protons and electrons.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-kinetic-alfven-waves">The role of kinetic Alfvén waves</h2>



Kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are oscillations of ions and magnetic fields in the solar plasma, originating from movements in the photosphere, the sun's outer layer that emits visible light. These waves are crucial in the energy transfer process in plasma environments.&nbsp;



“My primary interest in these waves was sparked by the launches of the Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter missions, which raised the crucial question of how the solar corona is heated,” said Ayaz.



The research team focused on how KAWs facilitate heating and energy exchange within the corona. Observations from various spacecraft and theoretical studies have consistently shown that KAWs dissipate and contribute to heating the solar corona as they travel through space.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-transferring-energy-to-plasma-particles-nbsp">Transferring energy to plasma particles&nbsp;</h2>



Kinetic Alfvén waves operate on small kinetic scales and are capable of supporting parallel electric and magnetic field fluctuations, which enable them to transfer energy to plasma particles.



“The present work utilizes and explores the Landau damping mechanism, which occurs when particles moving parallel to a wave have velocities comparable to the wave's phase velocity,” noted Ayaz.&nbsp;



The Landau damping mechanism allows for an exponential decrease in particular waveforms within the plasma, either transferring energy from the wave to the particles or vice versa, depending on their interaction.



The study's findings suggest that KAWs dissipate rapidly, transferring their energy to plasma particles, which then accelerates them over large distances. This energy transfer has significant implications for the dynamics of the solar plasma, contributing to the overall heating of the corona.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-energy-dynamics-within-the-sun-s-corona-nbsp">Energy dynamics within the sun's corona&nbsp;</h2>



The insights gained from this research are essential for understanding the complex processes at work in the sun's atmosphere.&nbsp;



The study advances our knowledge of the energy dynamics within the corona and provides a framework for future investigations into solar and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/secrets-of-jupiters-magnetosphere-will-help-us-predict-space-weather/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">space weather</a> phenomena.&nbsp;



Ayaz's work, supported by CSPAR and the Department of Space Science, represents a significant step forward in heliophysics research, with potential applications in understanding the behavior of plasmas in various astrophysical settings.



“The analytical insights gleaned from this study find practical application in understanding phenomena within the solar atmosphere, particularly shedding light on the significant role played by nonthermal particles in the observed heating processes,” concluded the researchers.



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Why is the sun’s corona hotter than its surface? 

A recent study led by Syed Ayaz, a graduate research...

Migration is at the forefront of the climate crisis, as the globe faces unprecedented environmental challenges, including extreme weather events, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-are-the-biggest-drivers-of-biodiversity-loss/">bio</a><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-are-the-biggest-drivers-of-biodiversity-loss/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diversity loss</a>, and resource scarcity.



Humanity's response needs to be reimagined, with a growing recognition that international collaboration and coordinated efforts are crucial. 



As rising temperatures and sea levels threaten landscapes and displace communities worldwide, the movement of people from their homes has become an urgent reality that cannot be ignored. 



Climate-induced migration is not a distant concern; it is a pressing issue that is happening now, demanding immediate attention and comprehensive action to address its complexities and impacts.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-urgent-need-to-rethink-climate-migration">Urgent need to rethink climate migration</h2>



An impactful study published recently by climate and social scientists from reputed institutions such as <a href="https://www.wur.nl/en/education-programmes/wageningen-university.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wageningen University</a>, <a href="https://www.exeter.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Exeter</a>, and <a href="https://www.nju.edu.cn/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nanjing University</a> puts forth a strong argument.



The experts emphasize the importance of facilitating movement among different geographical locations to ensure stability and prosperity in the face of the climate crisis.



Professor Marten Scheffer of Wageningen University stated: "Millions of people are projected to be displaced by sea-level rise in the next decades, and two billion could be exposed to extreme heat beyond their experience by the end of the century."



Ignoring or underestimating the shift in human populations could lead to global discord and a divided world.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breaking-borders-not-spirits">Breaking borders, not spirits</h2>



Countries have traditionally seen migration in terms of borders and national security only, but the researchers are urging a shift in perspective.



The study highlights the increasing instances of climate-related <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/is-migration-a-good-response-to-climate-change-the-answer-is-complicated/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">migration</a> within countries, where individuals leave areas affected by long-term agricultural productivity decline or escape from extreme conditions such as coastal erosion. This internal migration plays out differently across nations.



Large countries with varied climate zones have a relative advantage, while smaller nations face significant challenges. 



The study also points out the inherent wealth disparity that hinders internal and inter-state migration.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-barriers-to-climate-migration">Barriers to climate migration</h2>



"While many animal species are already changing their geographical distribution in response to climate change, humanity now faces increasing barriers to this," noted Professor Tim Lenton.



"Global warming exacerbates existing inequalities, making habitability a major political challenge of this century."



The researchers maintain that the solution lies in global cooperation to address migration flows and demand for labor, benefiting both the Global South and the developed world.



The paper also proposes a major reform in the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/global-food-system-must-change-if-nations-hope-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">food system</a>, suggesting that migration can increase production while conserving nature. They suggest a shift towards plant-based diets and reducing meat consumption.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-climate-migration-can-be-a-win-win">Climate migration can be a win-win</h2>



Far from seeing migration as a threat, the researchers argue that it can actually be a win-win for both people and the climate.



However, this requires global leaders to constructively communicate the economic benefits of migration and effective integration. 



"Every corner of the world needs to anticipate the coming <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-crisis-global-supply-chains-face-25-trillion-in-losses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">climate crisis</a> and promote the safe and beneficial movement of people as conditions change," said Professor Neil Adger.



Embracing this outlook on migration is not just about ensuring a better future for those on the move but for our planet as a whole. 



Integrating the movement of people into our strategies to combat climate change is not just necessary - it is urgent.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-technology-in-managing-migration">The role of technology in managing migration </h2>



Technology plays a crucial role in managing climate-induced migration by offering innovative solutions to make migration safer and more efficient.



Data analytics and GIS can predict <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-migration-patterns-will-result-in-rapidly-aging-coastal-populations/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">migration patterns</a> and identify at-risk areas, allowing for proactive resource allocation and reducing the humanitarian impact of displacement.



Additionally, technology enhances communication for migrants, providing information on safe routes, available services, and legal rights through mobile apps and platforms. Social media helps build networks and fosters a sense of community among migrants.



Investing in sustainable technologies, such as renewable energy and climate-resilient infrastructure, creates economic opportunities for displaced populations. 



By integrating technology into migration strategies, we can address immediate needs and build a more resilient future, turning migration into an opportunity for global collaboration and growth.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.cell.com/one-earth/abstract/S2590-3322(24)00312-9?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2590332224003129%3Fshowall%3Dtrue" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">One Earth</a>.



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Climate migration is an urgent reality that cannot be ignored

Migration is at the forefront of the climate crisis, as...

The digital age is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the internet and corresponding technological advancements are a blessing, creating a world more interconnected than ever. But on the other, they've paved the way for a pervasive issue - the misinformation and rumors that spreads like nuclear reactions.



In our modern climate of misinformation, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/more-than-48-million-americans-deny-that-climate-change-is-real/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">falsehoods, and rumors</a>, distinguishing truth from fiction as data zips around the planet often seems like an uphill battle.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-spread-of-misinformation-and-rumors">Spread of misinformation and rumors</h2>



The research was carried out by Wenrong Zheng, a researcher from <a href="https://english.sdnu.edu.cn" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Shandong Normal University</a>, and his dedicated team. 



They've been working tirelessly to understand this digital-age phenomenon. And the critical findings of their study were recently published by the American Institute of Physics.



Can we look at rumor propagation in a new light? Yes, indeed! 



Ditching the conventional epidemic models, Zheng's team found inspiration in a somewhat unexpected place: nuclear reactions. 



According to their modified model, rumors act like neutrons, the particles that initiate nuclear fission. When individuals encounter these 'rumor neutrons,' they send them spiraling into other people, sparking a chain reaction. 



“When individuals encounter rumors, they are influenced by their personal interests and decide whether to spread or whether repeated exposure is needed before spreading,” said Zheng. 



“Based on different considerations of uranium fission thresholds, individuals are divided into groups based on the influence of their own interest thresholds, fully considering individual behavior and differences, which is more in line with the reality.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-the-real-world">Implications for the real world</h2>



Did you guess that education plays a crucial role in rumor propagation? 



“The extent of rumor propagation is closely related to the proportion of rational internet users. This reflects the importance of education: the higher the level of education, the easier it is to question rumors when receiving information that is difficult to distinguish between right and wrong,” Zheng corroborates. 



If you're educated, chances are you'll scrutinize the information before accepting it blindly.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-to-avoid-spreading-misinformation">How to avoid spreading misinformation</h2>



So, what can we do about the spread of misinformation? The team's research provides some vital pointers. 



The researchers found that rumors propagate on a smaller scale initially, so monitoring by official platforms is key.



When governmental and official media detect potential rumors, they should verify the content and offer corrections. This would enable rational citizens to prevent further <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/gossiping-may-actually-be-beneficial-to-society/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">rumor propagation</a> effectively.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-countering-disinformation">Countering disinformation</h2>



The research done by Zheng and his team is a major step in understanding and mitigating rumor propagation. 



Their nuanced, nuclear fission-inspired model offers fresh insights that could guide future strategies to combat disinformation. 



However, the battle against misinformation online is ongoing, and we, as responsible netizens, have a pivotal role to play.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-role-of-social-media-algorithms">Role of social media algorithms</h2>



In an era dominated by social media, the algorithms that dictate what content users see play a pivotal role in the dissemination of information. 



These complex systems curate feeds based on user preferences, often prioritizing engaging, sensational content over factual accuracy.



Algorithms are not inherently good or bad; it depends on how we choose to use them. This presents a unique opportunity -- by refining algorithms to promote accountability and accuracy, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/doomscrolling-threatens-our-mental-well-being/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">social media platforms</a> could significantly reduce the reach of false information.



If users are consistently provided with a diverse range of reliable sources, they may be empowered to challenge misleading narratives and engage in healthy discourse.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-empowering-citizens-to-avoid-misinformation">Empowering citizens to avoid misinformation</h2>



As research indicates, empowering individuals with media literacy skills is crucial in the fight against misinformation. 



Educational initiatives aimed at enhancing critical thinking and analytical skills can equip citizens to evaluate information critically.



Workshops, online courses, or community programs can introduce individuals to techniques for fact-checking, recognizing bias, and analyzing sources. 



By fostering these competencies, society cultivates a more informed populace that can navigate the complex landscape of information.



An educated public is less susceptible to the allure of rumors, ultimately cultivating a culture of inquiry and discernment that significantly dampens the spread of disinformation.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nuclear-reaction-and-spreading-misinformation">Nuclear reaction and spreading misinformation</h2>



In sum, misinformation, like a neutron starting a nuclear reaction, spreads rapidly in today's digital age. But all's not lost. 



Scientific research like Zheng's is helping us understand the spread dynamics better and providing cues for possible mitigation. 



Remember, staying educated, questioning the information we receive, and relying on only <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/political-views-change-our-perception-of-the-past-and-future/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">credible sources</a> can go a long way in combating this online avalanche of disinformation. After all, don't we all want a truthful, reliable digital world for ourselves?



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv/article/14/7/075326/3304858/A-rumor-propagation-model-based-on-nuclear-fission" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AIP Advances</a>.



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Digital misinformation and rumors spread like nuclear reactions

The digital age is a double-edged sword. On the one...

It can be hard to wrap your head around quantum science and the 'out-there' concepts it embodies, like "trapped atoms" mentioned in this article title. But, in essence, it's all about exploring the untapped potentials of our universe... and turning them into reality.



With the power to enhance computer processing to levels currently unimaginable, scientists trapped cesium atoms on an integrated photonic circuit, creating a sophisticated system akin to a transistor but for light.



This breakthrough could potentially birth a quantum network based on cold-atom integrated nanophotonic circuits.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-quantum-transistors-and-trapped-atoms">Quantum transistors and trapped atoms</h2>



The brains behind this work is none other than Associate Professor Chen-Lung Hung of <a href="https://www.purdue.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Purdue University</a> College of Science, who also serves at the Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute. With an exceptional team by his side, they've shared their fascinating findings in Physical Review X.



“We developed a technique to use lasers to cool and tightly trap atoms on an integrated nanophotonic circuit,” explains Hung.



Think about light traveling through an incredibly thin photonic 'wire' or waveguide - so thin, it's about 200 times thinner than a strand of human hair.



The atoms are cooled down to temperatures just above absolute zero, making them almost stationary.



These chilled atoms can then be locked onto the waveguide using a 'tractor beam,' positioned merely 300 nanometers away (roughly the size of a virus).



"Using state-of-the-art nanofabrication instruments in the Birck Nanotechnology Center, we pattern the photonic waveguide in a circular shape at a diameter of around 30 microns (three times smaller than a human hair) to form a so-called microring resonator. Light would circulate within the microring resonator and interact with the trapped atoms," Hung enthused.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-atomic-transistor-is-a-game-changer">Atomic-transistor is a game changer</h2>



What sets their innovation apart is the ingenious use of confined atoms to manipulate the flow of light through the circuit. This process functions similarly to how a transistor controls electrical currents in traditional electronics.



When the atoms are in the right quantum state, they allow photons to pass through seamlessly, enabling efficient light transmission.



Conversely, when the atoms are in the wrong state, the photons are blocked, effectively halting the flow of light.



This precise control over light flow opens up exciting possibilities for advancements in optical computing and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/secure-quantum-communication-one-step-closer-reality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">communication technologies</a>, potentially leading to faster and more efficient data processing systems.



Xinchao Zhou, a Purdue Physics and Astronomy graduate student and recipient of this year's Bilsand Dissertation Fellowship, explains this first-of-its-kind phenomenon.



“We have trapped up to 70 atoms that could collectively couple to photons and gate their transmission on an integrated photonic chip. This has not been realized before,” says Zhou.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-potential-of-trapped-atoms">Potential of trapped atoms</h2>



The implications of this technology are poised to transform the landscape of science. Could this platform become a crucial link in the future of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/quantum-computer-can-instantly-execute-a-task-that-would-normally-take-47-years/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">quantum computing</a> based on neutral atoms?



It has the potential to advance our understanding of collective light-matter interactions and facilitate the synthesis of quantum degenerate gases or ultracold molecules.



The atom-coupled integrated photonic circuit, unlike conventional electronic transistors, operates on quantum superposition principles.



Chen-Lung Hung expounds, "This allows us to manipulate and store quantum information in trapped atoms, which are quantum bits known as qubits."



The circuit can then transfer this stored <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/molecules-scramble-quantum-information-equally-well-black-holes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">quantum information</a> into photons, establishing a network with other similar circuits through the photonic wire.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exploring-new-quantum-states">Exploring new quantum states</h2>



What lies ahead is equally, if not more, thrilling than our current endeavors. The team is poised to meticulously arrange the trapped atoms in an orderly array along the photonic waveguide, thereby enhancing their collective coupling to this innovative structure.



Additionally, they are contemplating the prospect of cooling the atoms further, approaching absolute zero, to engender a strongly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate gas.



This is just the beginning. Exploring new <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/using-artificial-intelligence-ai-to-make-quantum-computers-reality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">quantum states</a> on an integrated photonic circuit, studying few- and many-body physics through atom-photon interactions, or even creating cold molecules from the trapped atoms; the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/building-quantum-computers-just-got-easier-with-new-technique/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">possibilities are boundless</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-of-quantum-networks-and-trapped-atoms">Future of quantum networks and trapped atoms</h2>



We're on the cusp of a quantum revolution that promises to redefine our understanding of technology and information, literally <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-quantum-revolution-will-impact-all-aspects-of-society/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">transforming our world</a>.



Purdue University is at the forefront of this work, led by the brilliant Chen-Lung Hung and his dedicated team of researchers.



Their innovative efforts offer a fascinating glimpse into a future where quantum networks and advanced quantum computing could be seamlessly integrated into the fabric of our everyday reality, changing how we process information and how we connect and communicate.



For those who are just beginning to explore the vast ocean of quantum computing, this research highlights how these qualities can spark paradigm-shifting discoveries that push the boundaries of what's possible.



As we delve deeper into this exciting field, the implications for industries ranging from cybersecurity to drug discovery are immense and potentially life-changing.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.14.031004" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Physical Review X</a>.



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Trapped atoms are forced to serve as transistors for a quantum network

It can be hard to wrap your head around quantum...

In the world of astronomy, the 17th century was marked by significant and groundbreaking discoveries, particularly in the realm of solar activity. 



One intriguing contribution was Johannes Kepler’s sketches of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/giant-sunspot-archipelago-15-times-wider-than-earth-spotted-by-nasa/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sunspots</a> in 1607, a record that laid the foundation for a fresh understanding of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/strongest-solar-flare-in-7-years-prompts-gps-satellite-warnings-and-aurora-alert/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">solar phenomena</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-observations-in-sunspot-sketches">Observations in sunspot sketches</h2>



Johannes Kepler, celebrated for his monumental contributions to astronomy and mathematics, is known to have made one of the earliest instrumental records of solar activity during the early 17th century. 



He ingeniously employed a "camera obscura," an apparatus that projected the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/see-the-sun-in-exquisite-detail-in-rare-solar-orbiter-video/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sun's image</a> onto paper, to sketch visible features on the Sun's surface.



In May of 1607, Kepler documented what he initially misinterpreted as a transit of Mercury across the Sun, later identified as a collection of sunspots. These are darker areas on the sun's surface that develop due to intense magnetic activity within the sun's interior.



Sunspots play a key role in solar radiation and space weather. Their occurrence, frequency, and latitudinal distributions appear in cycles, paving the gateway to fresh revelations about solar activity.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revisiting-kepler-s-observations">Revisiting Kepler’s observations</h2>



Led by a collaborative group from <a href="https://en.nagoya-u.ac.jp/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nagoya University</a> in Japan, an international team of researchers revisited Kepler’s eclipsed sunspot sketches with the help of modern techniques.



Using Spörer's law, they reconstructed the position of Kepler’s sunspot group, situating it at the end of the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/suns-next-solar-cycle-26-has-already-begun/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">solar cycle</a> prior to the one observed by notable early telescopic pioneers like Thomas Harriot and Galileo Galilei.



These observations are extremely significant as they shed light on the solar cycles at the start of the 17th century. The cycles during this time mark the transition from regular solar cycles to the grand solar minimum known as the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715).



The grand solar minimum, characterized by an unusually prolonged period of low sunspot activity, holds great importance for researchers to understand solar activity and its effect on the Earth.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sunspot-sketches-reveal-new-insights">Sunspot sketches reveal new insights</h2>



By examining Kepler’s records and matching them with contemporary data, alongside modern statistics, the researchers made four pivotal discoveries.



After methodically reinterpreting the sunspot sketches, they located Kepler’s sunspot group at a low heliographic latitude. This pointed to an inconsistency between Kepler’s original text and the two camera obscura images, which display the sunspot towards the upper left of the solar disk.



Using Spörer's law and modern sunspot statistics, the researchers determined that the sunspot group was positioned at the end of solar cycle -13 instead of the beginning of solar cycle -14.



This finding contradicted with later telescopic observations that showed sunspots at higher latitudes, indicating a typical progression from the preceding solar cycle to the following one in accordance with Spörer’s law.



The researchers also succeeded in estimating the transition between the previous solar cycle (-14) and the next solar cycle (-13) between 1607 and 1610. Kepler’s records proposed a regular duration for solar cycle-13, contesting alternate reconstructions that proposed an extremely long cycle during this period.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-legacy-of-kepler">The legacy of Kepler</h2>



Kepler’s contribution extends beyond observational expertise. His findings provide valuable context that helps to clarify changes in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/suns-fury-secrets-of-solar-energy-storms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">solar behavior</a> during a critical period when solar cycles transitioned to the grand solar minimum.



Kepler's records, which predate the existing telescopic sunspot records from 1610 by several years, stand as a testament to his scientific prowess. They continue to serve the scientific community today, extending the reach of his legacy into the present.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-future-of-solar-research">The future of solar research</h2>



As we continue to advance in solar research, the lessons learned from Kepler’s pioneering work are more relevant than ever. 



Modern technology, including satellite observations and advanced computational models, allow us to analyze solar activity with unprecedented precision.



However, historical data like Kepler’s sunspot sketches provides a critical context for understanding long-term solar cycles and their impact on Earth’s climate.



Kepler’s observations not only enrich our understanding of the sun’s past behavior but also illuminate pathways for future inquiry.



By honoring his legacy and applying modern techniques to historical data, we can unlock new insights into the intricate relationship between solar activity and life on Earth, ensuring that the mysteries of our star continue to inspire and inform generations to come.



Image Credit: NASA’s Solar Dynamic Observatory



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Sunspot sketches from 1607 unlock secrets of solar activity

In the world of astronomy, the 17th century was marked...

Data collection is set to transform dramatically with the "Ocean of Things," a future network where trillions of interconnected devices will transmit vast amounts of data globally. This advanced system promises to revolutionize how we&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/autonomous-vehicles-will-help-monitor-ocean-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">monitor our world</a>.



We are entering a new era. Everything, from the largest structures to the smallest gadgets, will become a source of data. These data sources will provide real-time insights across various domains.



However, with 71% of Earth's surface covered by water, gathering accurate and comprehensive information from these vast and often inaccessible oceans presents unique challenges that must be overcome.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-innovations-in-ocean-data-collection">Innovations in ocean data collection</h2>



Responding to these challenges, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (<a href="https://www.darpa.mil" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DARPA</a>) developed an ambitious program called the "Ocean of Things." 



The initiative aims to create a vast network of data-collecting devices across the world's oceans to better understand and monitor these critical environments.



Enter the research teams from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.binghamton.edu/watson/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Binghamton University's Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science</a>, who have taken on this challenge with enthusiasm and expertise.



Over the last decade, they have been hard at work, pushing the boundaries of technology and creating groundbreaking innovations under the banner of the Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies and Environmental Sustainability (CREATES).



A significant part of their pioneering research has been funded by the Office of Naval Research, with a focus on developing bacteria-powered biobatteries capable of operating in the ocean for up to 100 years, providing a sustainable and long-lasting energy source for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microrobots-tested-as-clean-up-crew-for-polluted-waters/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">a</a><a href="https://www.earth.com/news/biohybrid-jellyfish-robotics-ocean-exploration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">quatic robots</a>&nbsp;and sensors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-introducing-the-bug-for-ocean-data">Introducing the "bug" for ocean data</h2>



Leading the way are Professor Seokheun “Sean” Choi, PhD student Yang “Lexi” Gao, and Anwar Elhadad, PhD, who have developed a self-powered aquatic "bug." 



The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microrobots-tested-as-clean-up-crew-for-polluted-waters/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">microscopic robot</a> is a marvel of mechanical engineering, capable of skimming across the water and gathering critical environmental data. This robot’s technology builds upon the bacteria-powered biobatteries. 



Using a Janus interface that allows nutrients into the device and powers bacterial spore production, these skimmers can function in adverse conditions where solar, kinetic, or thermal energy systems might fail.&nbsp;



“When the environment is favorable for the bacteria, they become vegetative cells and generate power, but when the conditions are not favorable, they go back to spores. In that way, we can extend the operational life,” explained Professor Choi.



This innovation has allowed the Binghamton team to develop robots that generate close to 1 milliwatt of power, sufficient to operate mechanical movements and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/polar-bear-conservation-leaps-forward-with-new-tracking-technology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">data-tracking</a>&nbsp;sensors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-an-upgrade-in-oceanic-surveillance">An upgrade in oceanic surveillance</h2>



The capacity to dispatch these robots wherever they're needed offers a significant improvement over the current "smart floats," which are stationary sensors anchored in one spot. 



The bugs can track a wide variety of environmental data, such as water temperature, pollution levels, commercial vessel and aircraft movements, and even the behaviors of aquatic animals.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-optimizing-ocean-data-collection">Optimizing ocean data collection</h2>



The next phase for these aquatic robots involves ascertaining which bacteria are most efficient for energy production in the harsh ocean conditions.&nbsp;



“We used very common bacterial cells, but we need to study further to know what is actually living in those areas of the ocean. Maybe using <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/machine-learning-can-more-accurately-predict-ocean-currents/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">machine learning</a>, we can find the optimal combination of bacterial species to improve power density and sustainability,” said Professor Choi.



This research holds the potential to revolutionize not just the field of aquatic robotics, but our interactions with the "Ocean of Things" as well.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-environmental-monitoring">Implications for environmental monitoring</h2>



Self-powered aquatic robots like the "bug" mark important progress in monitoring and protecting the environment.



As these efficient data-gathering devices autonomously traverse vast and often inaccessible marine areas, they can provide real-time insights into the health of our oceans.&nbsp;



This capability is crucial for tracking the impact of climate change and assessing the efficacy of conservation efforts. Additionally, it enhances our understanding of marine ecosystem dynamics.



Such detailed data collection may inform policies aimed at preserving biodiversity while improving our ability to swiftly respond to environmental crises. 



Integrating machine learning to optimize bacterial efficiency demonstrates a forward-thinking approach to sustainable energy. It shows how cutting-edge technology can be used for ecological benefit, paving the way for a future where technology and environmental stewardship can co-exist in harmony.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/admt.202400426" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advanced Materials Technologies</a>.



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'Ocean of Things' robotic technology will transform ocean data collection

Data collection is set to transform dramatically with the "Ocean...

Have you ever considered how much value your passion brings to your work? Well, you might want to start. Recent study suggests that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/market-based-strategies-fall-short-on-forest-conservation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">buyers</a> are more likely to pay extra for products created by sellers who create them with passion.



The fascinating study comes from a collaborative effort of researchers Anna Paley, Robert W. Smith, Jacob D. Teeny, and Daniel M. Zane from <a href="https://www.tilburguniversity.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tilburg University</a>, <a href="https://www.northwestern.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Northwestern University</a>, and <a href="https://www2.lehigh.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Lehigh University</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-passion-products-on-marketplaces">Passion products on marketplaces</h2>



Moving with the times, peer-to-peer marketplaces like Etsy, Fiverr, and UpWork are flourishing, with projections indicating their value could reach an astonishing $355 billion by 2025, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers.



Here, traditional quality indicators like brand names take a backseat. Instead, we find ourselves in an intimate space where sellers directly communicate the nuances of their goods and services.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-joy-of-creation">Joy of creation</h2>



It appears that the key to attracting customers might just be one's love for their work.



“We suspect that many people who choose to sell things through peer-to-peer marketplaces enjoy making them. Yet, sellers rarely mention it. For example, in the profiles of 30,000 sellers across various peer-to-peer marketplaces, only about 1% of sellers mentioned production enjoyment,” noted Paley. 



Smith said that over 15 experiments, the team found consistent evidence that buyers are more interested in, are more likely to choose, and are willing to pay more for products or services that the seller enjoys producing.



But, here’s a strange paradox - the price that sellers who truly indulge in and enjoy their work are often willing to charge is actually less than those who view their products solely as a means to make money. 



When sellers are passionate about what they do, their intrinsic motivation and genuine connection to their craft can lead them to offer more reasonable prices. 



This approach not only reflects their love for their work but also fosters a loyal customer base that appreciates the value of authenticity and quality over mere profit.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-psychology-of-price-and-perception">Psychology of price and perception</h2>



The study interestingly investigates this anomaly between how a seller's passion influences both buyers' readiness to pay and sellers' pricing decisions. 



The results suggest that when sellers exhibit enjoyment in their work, it strikes a chord with buyers, leading to them perceiving the product or service as higher quality.



An important note to remember is that signaling enjoyment is most effective when the job demands significant skill. However, as more processes become automated, the impact of showcasing enjoyment may lessen. 



Zane provides insight, explaining that a producer's joy in crafting an item inevitably implies more dedication, leading to a presumed high quality of the product or service.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-buyers-on-products-created-with-passion">Buyers on products created with passion</h2>



Despite the buyers' affirmed readiness to pay more for products crafted with passion and care, sellers generally accept and charge less for the enjoyable work they produce. 



This phenomenon often stems from a deep-rooted belief among artisans and creators that the joy and satisfaction they derive from the production process itself serve as adequate compensation for their efforts. 



Many sellers prioritize the intrinsic rewards of their craft over monetary gain, which in turn influences their pricing decisions. 



As a result, they may undervalue their work, opting to keep prices lower to make their creations more accessible to a wider audience, even when there is a clear demand for higher-priced, quality products. 



This dynamic reflects a broader tension between passion-driven work and the realities of market pricing in creative industries.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-tips-for-sellers">Tips for sellers</h2>



Echoing throughout the findings of the study is a <a href="https://www2.lehigh.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">valuable lesson</a> for sellers: showcasing your genuine love and passion for your work can pique buyer interest and draw them to your products and services. 



When sellers express enthusiasm and commitment, it resonates with potential customers, making them feel more connected to the brand. 



Moreover, understanding when and how to signal this enjoyment - whether through engaging storytelling, personal anecdotes, or authentic interactions - can significantly impact your <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-shocking-reality-of-website-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">business</a>.



By creating an emotional connection and demonstrating a true investment in what you do, you not only foster trust but also enhance customer loyalty, ultimately leading to increased sales and long-term success.



In essence, the study's findings present the power of passion. So next time you dive into a project you enjoy, remember to share your enthusiasm.



The study is published in the <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00222429241257913" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Marketing</a>. 



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Buyers are willing to pay more for products made with passion

Have you ever considered how much value your passion brings...

How often have you rushed out of the door in the morning, skipping the first meal of the day? Recent research reveals the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/meal-timing-has-a-major-influence-on-our-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">regularity of breakfast</a> may be more significant to our overall happiness than we thought.



The research is the collective brainchild of Anglia Ruskin University (<a href="https://www.aru.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ARU</a>) and <a href="https://www.udla.cl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Universidad de las Americas</a>. 



Study senior author Lee Smith, a renowned professor of public health at ARU, meticulously guided his team through data obtained from nearly 150,000 children across 42 countries.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-skipping-breakfast-vs-life-satisfaction">Skipping breakfast vs. life satisfaction</h2>



According to the study, children who frequently skip breakfast are found to have lower life satisfaction compared to their contemporaries who regularly partake in their morning meal. It's certainly food for thought!



The experts discovered a near-linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast consumption and greater life satisfaction among children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years across these nations, including Britain.



The healthiest dollop of life satisfaction was observed in participants who ate breakfast daily. On the flip side, those who never partook in breakfast had the lowest life satisfaction scores.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-food-habits-around-the-world">Food habits around the world</h2>



The cultural diversity of food habits around the globe was evident in this study as well. Notably, Portuguese children who ate breakfast every day reported the highest levels of life satisfaction. 



In stark contrast, the lowest life satisfaction was found among children from Romania who never ate breakfast.



Even among the breakfast-eating population, not all countries fare the same. The study noted that children in England who had breakfast daily, did not score as high, coming in fifth in life satisfaction scores just ahead of Romania, Hungary, Germany, and Austria.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-science-behind-breakfast-and-happiness">Science behind breakfast and happiness</h2>



So, what's prompting this apparent correlation between breakfast and happiness? Professor Smith sheds light on some likely factors. Prior studies have indicated a link between low mood among adolescents who skip breakfast and higher instances of anxiety, stress, and depression.



Adding to this, breakfast sets the tone by providing the necessary energy and nutrients for optimal cognitive functioning. It's like oiling the gears for the day ahead, enhancing crucial functions such as concentration, memory, and learning.



Our daily breakfast also serves a cocktail of essential vitamins and minerals. Skipping these nutrients could potentially lead to lower life satisfaction over time. Plus, the regular routine of having breakfast can bring structure and a positive tone to the rest of your day.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakfast-choices-and-their-impact">Breakfast choices and their impact</h2>



The type of breakfast consumed also plays a pivotal role in shaping life satisfaction levels. The study highlighted that the nutritional quality of breakfast can significantly affect both physical and mental health. 



Nutrient-rich foods, such as whole grains, fruits, and dairy, are linked to improved mood and cognitive function. In contrast, sugary cereals and processed foods may lead to energy crashes and negatively impact emotional stability. 



As children are increasingly exposed to the lure of convenience foods, prioritizing wholesome breakfast options could serve as a simple yet effective strategy to enhance overall well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-to-avoid-skipping-breakfast">How to avoid skipping breakfast</h2>



Understanding the profound effects of breakfast on happiness underscores the importance of fostering healthy eating habits from a young age. 



Parents, educators, and policymakers must collaborate to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/health-risks-of-ultra-processed-foods-revealed-in-30-year-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">promote the knowledge</a> of the benefits of a nutritious breakfast. 



Schools could play an essential role by incorporating breakfast programs that not only provide healthy options but also educate students about the significance of nutrition in their daily lives. 



By instilling these habits early, we cultivate an environment where children savor the benefits of breakfast, ultimately paving the way for a healthier, happier generation.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-breakfast-is-more-than-just-food">Breakfast is more than just food</h2>



However, there is a caveat. The study found that cultural diversity, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/modern-human-diets-pose-many-risks-health-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifestyles</a>, and socio-economic factors also had a significant influence, hence the inconsistencies between countries. 



Despite this, the conclusion was unanimous: Regardless of the country, life satisfaction is higher in those who eat breakfast.



So, taking the time to enjoy a morning meal could be a recipe for not just a healthy day, but a happier life too. It's more than just food on the plate; it's nourishment for your body, mind, and perhaps even your happiness.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-024-00979-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BMC Nutrition</a>.



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Children who eat breakfast are happier in life

How often have you rushed out of the door in...

<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/western-diet-identified-as-major-cause-of-colon-cancer/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cancer</a> is a highly complex, multifaceted disease that places a substantial health burden all over the world. Since treatment is many times unsuccessful, especially if cancer is detected late, recent years have witnessed a significant surge in devising prevention strategies.



Many cancer prevention strategies are focused on dietary changes and the consumption of certain dietary supplements. However, the precise role of nutrition in cancer prevention is not yet fully understood.&nbsp;



Now, a review study published in the journal <a href="https://www.xiahepublishing.com/2835-3315/CSP-2023-00001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Cancer Screening and Prevention</a> has attempted to provide more comprehensive dietary guidelines to prevent this frequently lethal disease.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diet-and-cancer-prevention-nbsp">Diet and cancer prevention&nbsp;</h2>



“Diet and supplements have a significant impact on the causes and prevention of cancer. It is generally accepted that nutrition plays an important part in cancer incidence,” wrote the study authors.



“However, even after decades of epidemiological research, several inconsistencies arise as to how exactly specific dietary factors are linked to cancer prevention, limiting the establishment of firm conclusions.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-factors-increasing-cancer-risk">Factors increasing cancer risk</h2>



It is generally agreed in the scientific world that factors such as obesity, or intake of high-calorie foods, sugary beverages, and processed products increase cancer risk.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-obesity">Obesity</h3>



Studies have found that obesity is linked to 14 percent of cancer deaths in men and 20 percent in women, with specific products such as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/eating-red-meat-risk-death/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">red meat</a>, alcohol, or aflatoxins being related to the development of a variety of cancer types.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fruits-and-vegetables-nbsp">Fruits and vegetables&nbsp;</h3>



On the other hand, consuming a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains appears to play a major role in cancer prevention.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vitamins-and-micronutrients">Vitamins and micronutrients</h3>



Moreover, various micronutrients and antioxidants found in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/common-dietary-supplement-proven-to-combat-breast-cancer/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dietary supplements</a>, such as vitamin B12, C, D, selenium, folic acid, and carotenoids have also been shown to prevent the development of carcinogenic tumors and increase overall health. Yet, their indiscriminate use can be dangerous, as many studies attest. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plant-extracts-and-cancer-prevention-nbsp">Plant extracts and cancer prevention&nbsp;</h2>



Another promising direction of research in cancer prevention has focused on plant extracts such as polyphenols, which were found to prevent cancer emergence and development.&nbsp;



Polyphenols are mostly found in fruits, vegetables, and nuts and can be classified into <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/organic-onions-antioxidants-flavonoids/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">flavonoids</a>, phenolic acids, lignans, stilbenes, and other compounds.



“The main polyphenols found in plants are flavonoids and phenolic acids, which make up about 30% and 60% of all naturally occurring polyphenols, respectively,” noted the researchers.&nbsp;



“Some forms of cancer are well-protected against polyphenols: They have toxic effects on cells that can limit the growth of tumors and that cause apoptosis.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protective-effects-of-polyphenols-nbsp">Protective effects of polyphenols&nbsp;</h2>



According to the study authors, polyphenols appear to be effective chemopreventive drugs due to a number of protective actions they exhibit, including cell cycle signaling modification, activation of antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest.



“The antioxidants (present in fruits, vegetables, and nuts) help to repair cells, have anti-inflammatory properties, and reduce excessive free radical formation in the body, which is the main mechanism of action of cancer cells.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-connecting-diet-and-cancer-prevention">Connecting diet and cancer prevention </h2>



The researchers also noted that data from epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research have made a significant contribution to the knowledge connecting diet and cancer prevention.



However, up to date, there is only a limited understanding of the fundamental relationship between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plant-based-diet-improves-health-in-women-with-breast-cancer/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diet</a> and cancer prevention. 



In addition, as the researchers argued, dietary supplements should not be administered indiscriminately since they may also have negative effects.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lack-of-conclusive-evidence">Lack of conclusive evidence </h2>



“Cancer research is challenging, and it is never easy to determine the true impact of just one of these factors because several lifestyle factors also have an impact on the risk of cancer. This is an important point regarding the efficacy of diet and supplements in the prevention of cancer,” noted the study authors.



“There is currently no conclusive evidence in favor of any one dietary regimen for lowering the risk of cancer.”



Yet, as they repeatedly stress, the findings of various studies indicate that general dietary modification has a positive impact on the prevention of cancer.&nbsp;&nbsp;



The experts concluded that while diet and dietary supplements enable cancer patients to actively participate in their care, it is important to make sure that the patient is aware of the risks associated with forgoing proven conventional treatments.



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Which dietary changes are best for cancer prevention?

Cancer is a highly complex, multifaceted disease that places a...

The humble pot, pan, or vacuum cleaner may pop into our minds when we talk about household work. While the physical aspect of these chores, especially done by mothers, does indeed carry weight, there's an often-overlooked factor. It's something less tangible yet just as taxing – the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/parents-report-excess-burnout-due-to-unrealistic-expectations/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive load</a> of household management. Now, what if this mental load of household chores could affect their health?



The research was carried out at the <a href="https://www.usc.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Southern California</a>, led by Darby Saxbe, a Professor of Psychology, and Lizzie Aviv, a Ph.D. Candidate in Psychology. They have unraveled the 'invisible' aspect of household labour.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mental-load-of-household-chores">Mental load of household chores</h2>



Physical tasks are a big part of housework. But it turns out there's another <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/parents-often-feel-lonely-burnt-out-parenting-demands/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sphere of work</a> entailing anticipation, planning, organizing, and delegation.



Ever wondered who's responsible for remembering when to get more dish soap? Or who decides which vegetables need to be chopped for that stew? That is cognitive housework.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unequal-burden-of-chores-for-mothers">Unequal burden of chores for mothers</h2>



In their study, Saxbe and Aviv reveal how this cognitive part of housework is split even more unequally between partners than the physical part.



And the impact? Women, especially, mothers, who bear the brunt of this cognitive load tend to experience higher levels of depression, stress, relationship dissatisfaction, and burnout.



In their research, the researchers asked 322 mothers of young children about who handled 30 common household tasks. Intriguingly, on average, mothers reported performing about 73% of all cognitive household work and 64% of physical work in contrast to their partners' 27% and 36% respectively.



"Our study is one of the first to investigate the cognitive dimension of household labor and its effects on maternal mental health. Cognitive labor may be particularly taxing for women because it often runs behind the scenes and goes&nbsp;unacknowledged or unappreciated by others. It also pulls mental energy away from other priorities," noted the researchers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-chores-and-mothers-health">Chores and mothers' health</h2>



Such disparities in the division of household work are not just about who does the dishes or laundry. They play an important role in global gender equality, affecting women's participation in paid work, as well as their health and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-are-the-top-concerns-of-parents-as-kids-return-to-school/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">well-being</a>.



While this research is certainly eye-opening, it does rely heavily on self-reported data from mothers in heterosexual relationships. Future studies could include both partners and explore diverse relationship configurations. 



Plus, the long-term effects of this unequal cognitive labor division on women's mental health and cognitive functioning are still largely unknown.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-addressing-the-mental-load-of-chores">Addressing the mental load of chores</h2>



To address the cognitive labor imbalance, both individuals and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/maternal-mortality-the-overlooked-needs-of-mothers-after-childbirth/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">families</a> can adopt practical strategies that foster equality in household responsibilities. 



Open communication between partners is essential; discussing expectations and dividing tasks based on personal strengths and preferences can alleviate the mental load shouldered by one individual. 



Additionally, implementing shared planning tools, such as family calendars or task management apps, can serve as a visual cue that encourages collaboration and accountability. 



By actively engaging both partners in housework planning, the invisible burden of cognitive labor can be more evenly distributed, leading to better mental health outcomes and relationship satisfaction.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-path-forward">The path forward</h2>



As we strive for a more equitable division of household responsibilities, raising awareness about the nuances of cognitive labor is crucial. Educational initiatives that highlight the unseen aspects of household management can empower individuals to recognise and discuss their experiences. 



Moreover, societal changes - such as advocating for policies that support work-life balance and promote shared parental responsibilities - are essential to foster an environment where both partners can contribute to household tasks equally.



Raising this collective consciousness can ultimately shift cultural perceptions around gender roles in domestic settings, paving the way for a healthier, more balanced future for families everywhere.



Next time you see a mom, remember there's likely a whole load of unseen work she's responsible for - and this "mental load" can be a major stress factor. 



As Saxbe and Aviv suggest, it's high time we acknowledged this issue. From couples therapists to premarital relationship educators, everyone needs to pay attention to this under-recognized aspect of domestic work.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00737-024-01490-w" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Archives of Women s Mental Health</a>.



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Moms are more worried about chores, and it's a heavy mental load

The humble pot, pan, or vacuum cleaner may pop into...

Our life story might have begun with a bolt from the blue, quite literally. This is not mere illusion or flight of fancy, but a revelation from a diligent group of chemists from <a href="https://www.harvard.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harvard University</a>. 



In a scientific endeavor, remarkable for its ingenuity, the team attempted to reenact the drama of early Earth in their laboratory. Among the results, a surprising protagonist emerged - cloud-to-ground lightning.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-our-beginnings">Rethinking our beginnings</h2>



The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/microbes-laid-the-foundation-for-early-life-on-earth/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">origin of life on Earth</a> is a real head-scratcher. For years, scientists have been piecing together this grand jigsaw. Comets or asteroids depositing vital materials on Earth's surface and lightning strikes between clouds were once strong contenders in this cosmic lottery.



However, as these theories were inspected and dissected, they seemed less and less likely. For instance, collisions from space objects became rare soon after our planet formed. 



Not to mention, lightning zapping between clouds turned out to be an inefficient method to produce the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forgotten-chemical-reactions-offer-clues-to-lifes-origins/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">necessary materials</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lightning-s-impact-on-life-s-origins">Lightning's impact on life's origins</h2>



That's where the team from Harvard brings a new narrative to the table. The experts suggest that cloud-to-ground lightning strikes may be the unsung heroes in the genesis of life.



To validate their hypothesis, they turned their lab into a mini early Earth. With great precision, they simulated lightning strikes across air, water, and land replicas in this controlled environment. 



They then meticulously studied the products formed after these electric performances - in particular, the aftermath in the water.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lightning-and-the-molecules-for-life">Lightning and the molecules for life</h2>



The findings were enlightening. The experts observed that both carbon and nitrogen underwent a transformation into <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dark-oxygen-discovery-deep-ocean-no-photosynthesis-baffles-scientists/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">molecules</a> that could have been early building blocks of life.



For instance, carbon morphed into carbon monoxide and formic acid, while nitrogen transformed into nitrite, nitrate and ammonium.



The researchers brought in some rocky recruits – minerals similar to those that would have adorned early Earth's landscape. After repeating the simulated lightning strikes and analyses, they discovered sulfide minerals, akin to those found near volcanic eruptions, were produced.



A noticeable spike in ammonia production was also observed, a molecule crucial for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/rna-world-unraveling-mysteries-life-origin/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">life on our planet</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-investigations">Future investigations</h2>



As we stand at the intersection of chemistry and astrophysics, the prospects for future investigations are tantalizing. The Harvard team's work opens avenues for exploring how lightning could play a role in the nascent stages of life on exoplanets with aqueous environments. 



Could similar electrical phenomena catalyze life-sustaining chemical reactions elsewhere in the universe? 



These questions shift our gaze from a singular focus on Earth to a more expansive view of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/biggest-known-space-cloud-of-life-building-complex-chemicals-discovered/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">life potential</a> across the cosmos. 



By integrating experimental laboratory work with astronomical observations, we move closer to unraveling one of the most profound mysteries: Are we alone in the universe, or does life flourish in hidden corners of our galaxy?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-of-the-study">Broader implications of the study </h2>



The implications of this research extend beyond theoretical musings about life's origins. Understanding the mechanisms by which lightning interacts with different elemental compositions offers profound insights into planetary chemistry as a whole. 



Moreover, the conditions replicated in Harvard's laboratory can serve as a model to guide astrobiologists in identifying exoplanets that might harbor similar life-sustaining processes. 



By examining the chemical signatures in the atmospheres of distant worlds, scientists can look for indicators of such energetic interactions, hinting at the potential for life. 



In a universe teeming with possibilities, each revelation from our own planet enhances our understanding of life's resilience and adaptability, pushing the boundaries of what we consider habitable environments. As these inquiries continue, they ignite an ever-growing curiosity about our role in the cosmic narrative.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-the-study-matters">Why the study matters</h2>



The intriguing findings from Harvard add a new, electrifying chapter to the narrative of life's origin on Earth. 



The team posits that cloud-to-ground lightning strikes appear to be more adept at creating the building blocks for life than comets, asteroids or cloud-to-cloud lightning strikes.



"Cloud-to-ground lightning strikes could have generated high concentrations of reactive molecules locally, establishing diverse feedstocks for early life to emerge and survive globally," concluded the researchers.



The study is published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2400819121" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>.



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Lightning may have delivered the building blocks of life to Earth

Our life story might have begun with a bolt from...

Chrononutrition is rapidly gaining attention among established and budding health enthusiasts who have long been concerned with the age-old question: <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/its-not-overeating-but-what-we-eat-that-causes-weight-problems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">What should we eat</a>?



However, recent advancements in nutrition science suggest that we may need to broaden our perspective beyond "what" to include "when."



Emerging research supports the idea that the timing of our meals, in relation to our circadian rhythm and metabolism, can substantially influence our general health and well-being.



In a special publication dedicated to the field of chrononutrition, the complex interplay between temporal eating patterns, circadian rhythms, and metabolism is dissected to ascertain the optimal dietary practices for health. 



The reports, published in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.jandonline.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, delve into the impact of various fasting regimes, safety guidelines, and practical advice for the everyday individual.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-chrononutrition-a-growing-area-of-interest">Chrononutrition: A growing area of interest</h2>



Chrononutrition is undoubtedly a growing area of interest, and the <a href="https://www.uic.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Illinois Chicago</a> is at the helm of exploring this pioneering field. 



Dr. Krista Varady is an influential scholar in the Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition with over 15 years of research experience.



"Intermittent fasting has emerged as one of the most popular diets for weight loss in recent years. The diet can be defined, in basic terms, as periods of eating, alternated with periods of not eating," said Dr. Varady.



This honorable guest editor is known for her expertise in intermittent fasting for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/eating-protein-with-intermittent-fasting-better-weight-loss/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">weight loss</a> and lowering the risk of metabolic diseases in obese adults. 



Dr. Varady simplifies complex dietary regimes including time-restricted eating, alternate day fasting, and the 5:2 diet. She has meticulously explored the effects of these dietary patterns on body weight, disease risk, and sleep and exercise performance in human subjects.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-clinical-implications-of-chrononutrition">Clinical implications of chrononutrition</h2>



Linda G. Snetselaar, a distinguished professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the <a href="https://uiowa.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Iowa</a>, serves as editor-in-chief of the journal. 



"The findings presented in this special issue have important clinical implications. I believe the timing of eating will become increasingly important as we address dietary interventions related to chronic disease risk factors," noted Professor Snetselaar.



The journal issue includes a pioneering study that scrutinized the feasibility of eating within an 8-hour window as a strategy for weight loss and glucose management among adolescents with obesity and new-onset type 2 diabetes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-future-of-dietary-interventions">The future of dietary interventions</h2>



In addition to its impressive array of scientific studies, the special publication also features valuable insights from early-career investigators. A standout example is an enlightening paper exploring correlations between meal <a href="https://www.jandonline.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">timings</a> and sleep health among young adults.



Another compelling read in the <a href="https://www.jandonline.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">issue</a> investigates the diverse factors that can influence adherence to time-restricted eating practices. This particular study was led by Sydney G. O’Connor from the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health.



"Dietary adherence is the strongest predictor of successful weight loss and maintenance; therefore, identifying dietary strategies that facilitate adherence is a priority in the field of behavioral weight management," said O’Connor.



As more people grow weary of traditional calorie-restrictive diets, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/intermittent-fasting-could-be-the-key-to-better-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">intermittent fasting</a> regimes provide a refreshing alternative that allows participants to "watch the clock."



"Many people stop adhering to standard diets that restrict calories because they become frustrated with having to regularly monitor food intake day in and day out," said Dr. Varady.



She noted that although fasting regimens are no more effective than other diet interventions for weight management, these protocols offer individuals an alternative, straightforward approach to addressing obesity by omitting the need for calorie counting. 



"While weight loss is important, having a diet with a wide variety of nutrient-dense foods such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes is paramount in maintaining a replete nutritional status. These foods can be both inexpensive and culturally appropriate."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-role-of-technology-in-chrononutrition">The role of technology in chrononutrition</h2>



As the field of chrononutrition continues to evolve, technology is playing an increasingly vital role in helping individuals track their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/healthy-eating-patterns-reduce-the-risk-of-premature-death/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">eating patterns</a> and optimize their dietary habits. 



Mobile apps designed for meal timing and intermittent fasting are gaining popularity, enabling users to monitor their food intake with ease and precision. These tools not only remind users when to eat but also provide insights into how meal timing affects their energy levels and overall well-being.



Emerging research suggests that wearable devices can also contribute to our understanding of chrononutrition by tracking biological markers related to circadian rhythms, such as sleep patterns and activity levels. 



By combining data from these technologies, individuals can gain a comprehensive view of how their eating habits align with their body's natural rhythms, ultimately leading to more personalized and effective dietary strategies.



The future of chrononutrition may well be intertwined with advancements in technology, paving the way for improved dietary interventions. As we gain access to these tools, we can empower individuals to make informed choices about when to eat, enhancing their journey toward optimal health and wellness.



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Meal timing has a major influence on our health

Chrononutrition is rapidly gaining attention among established and budding health...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

[sendtonews key="LvS8v8bp9z-2564889-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Kainji Lake, a reservoir on the Niger River.



In 1968, Kainji Lake was created by the construction of the Kainji Dam. The Niger River, the third longest in Africa, enters the lake in the north.&nbsp;



According to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/rivers-in-the-american-west-are-a-lifesaving-resource-for-birds/">ESA</a>, the creation of the lake submerged Foge Island and the town of Bussa and permanently flooded other riverine settlements, leaving around 50,000 people displaced.&nbsp;



Large parts of Foge Island are temporarily exposed during low water tides, and the land is often used by migrating fishermen. Kainji Dam is a dam across the Niger River in Niger State of Central Nigeria. 



Wild mammals occur at relatively low densities due to illegal hunting. Lake Kainji has suffered a dramatic decline as a fishery due to the high numbers of artisanal and subsistence fisherfolk using the lake. It has been suggested that a period of closure, together with controlled fishing rights may help improve fish stocks.



Kainji Lake National Park is the oldest of its kind in Nigeria. The park contains three distinct areas: a part of the Kainji Lake, the Borgu Game Reserve to the west of the lake, and the Zugurma Game Reserve to the southeast. The park is home to around 65 mammal species, 350 bird species, and 30 species of reptiles and amphibians. 



Video/ Image Credit: European Space Agency&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Kainji Lake in north central Nigeria

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.igb.illinois.edu/">Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology</a> reveals how scientists can modify common crops like soybean, rice, and wheat to protect them from heat stress.



“We need to double crop production by 2050 to feed a growing global population, and not only are we not on track to do that, but climate change is further complicating things,” said Amanda Cavanagh, a lecturer at the University of Essex. 



The study is part of Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE), an international research project that aims to develop food crops that turn the sun’s energy into food more efficiently.



“Using an engineering approach we designed multiple alternative metabolic pathways to photorespiration. Testing them in the field showed increases in productivity which led Amanda to significantly move the project forward by showing our engineered plants can withstand pretty extreme temperature stress,” said study co-author and RIPE researcher Paul South.&nbsp;



“As the climate changes and temperature stresses increase the pressure on our global food supply, farmers will need every tool available including engineering approaches like the synthetic biology used here to maintain safe and productive harvests.”



The experts tested plants modified to have more efficient photorespiration to see if they were better adapted to warmer temperatures.&nbsp;



The team found that the engineered plants produced 26 percent more biomass than the wild-type plants exposed to the same temperatures, and had 15 percent less yield loss under the higher temperatures.



Video Credit: Amanda Nguyen/University of Illinois



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Designing crops that can beat the heat

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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How does salt makes things taste better?

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Santiago, Chile in South America

[sendtonews key="JRaP49ISmm-2357509-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

[sendtonews key="e4ZG0Jawp3-2374785-12187" type="single"] Astronomers at Johns Hopkins University have created...

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes the first comprehensive estimate of carbon density in the Saharan, Sahel, and Sudanian zones of Africa. In an effort to measure the amount of carbon stored across these drylands, a team of scientists used high-resolution satellite images and artificial intelligence to map nearly 10 billion individual trees. 



"The high spatial resolution (50 cm) combined with AI and field measurements used in this study is key to improving tree inventories in drylands," said Pierre Hiernaux, a French researcher working for NASA. "The ever-increasing availability of very high-resolution satellite imagery will make it possible to assess carbon pools and their dynamics at the individual tree level on a global scale."



"This study is exceptional because it is pioneering a type of approach that will revolutionize the monitoring of trees and forests on a global scale: in the short term, it will be possible to map the world's trees from the centre of the Amazon to our schoolyards," said <a href="https://www.inrae.fr/en">INRAE</a> researcher Jean-Pierre Wigneron.



"Many fields of application will become much more efficient and accurate, such as tracking carbon stocks, biodiversity, monitoring logging and protection against illegal forest degradation, in near real time.”



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Remote sensing will revolutionize the way we monitor trees

[sendtonews key="EjmSP20gQK-2593093-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

[sendtonews key="oL4FnPTGCV-2384527-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> features a visual dataset of.methane emissions from wetlands across the globe. Atmospheric methane levels have reached record highs in recent years, and wetlands are a major source of these emissions.&nbsp;



"Methane is an important greenhouse gas that contributes substantially to global warming. On a molecule by molecule basis, methane is much more efficient at trapping heat than carbon dioxide, the main driver of warming," says NASA.



"Though human activities, including agriculture, oil and natural gas production and use, and waste disposal, collectively contribute the majority of methane to the atmosphere, about a third of total methane emissions comes from wetlands."&nbsp;



According to NASA, understanding methane emissions from wetlands and other natural sources is critically important for scientists and policymakers who are working to combat climate change by reducing emissions from human activities.



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Wetlands are a major source of methane emissions

[sendtonews key="f8fukm28Vz-2491833-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

[sendtonews key="0879czfG3k-1785905-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from NASA...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

[sendtonews key="6HyfrAJTBI-1831843-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes why experts are studying zebrafish to gain a better understanding of how the immune system responds to injury. Zebrafish have the ability to repair and regenerate organs.



“Organ regeneration offers an exciting opportunity for studying the immune system and to inquire why some species can regenerate organs like the heart or missing limbs while others like humans cannot,” explained Dr. Tatjana Piotrowski.



Zebrafish sensory organ hair cells are an ideal system to investigate the pathways and cell types involved in regeneration since they are easily destroyed with antibiotics and begin regenerating within five hours. This enabled the researchers to identify the exact timing and genetic programs for each anti-inflammatory macrophage activation state.&nbsp;



“Our hypothesis is that human macrophages do not receive the proper chemical activation 'cocktail' to instruct pro-regenerative processes,” said Dr. Nicolas Denans. “Identifying the molecular recipe of macrophage activation in zebrafish may one day enable us to design regenerative immunotherapies in humans.”&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;



“The new evidence is a valuable resource for comparative studies on the genetic programs involved in macrophage-mediated repair and regeneration. In other words, different types of injuries may induce different kinds of inflammatory responses. We want to decipher whether this 'language' is universal or if there are a variety of dialects."



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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How the immune system responds to injury

[sendtonews key="0dEcERCq61-2283382-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from Stowers...

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes how record-breaking heat expressed itself around the world in 2022.



Scientists have determined that 2022 was the 5th warmest year since 1880. Furthermore, the last nine consecutive years have been the warmest on record.



From devastating floods and wildfires to natural disasters like Hurricane Ian, 2022 showed us yet again how a warming climate affects people across the globe.&nbsp;



"As we look back at 20:22 and years past, we see that each year we better understand the challenges we face and how important it is to meet them," says NASA.



Video/ Image Credit: NASA Goddard



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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2022 illustrated the consequences of a warming climate

[sendtonews key="3UUsNkFOuS-2487333-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

Earth,Like,Exoplanet,3d,Render

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

[sendtonews key="QIoVYJqRBi-2434608-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"] Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected...

Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...