Loneliness and social isolation are more than just feelings - they're silent threats to our health.



A recent study from researchers at the University of Cambridge and Fudan University reveals a direct link between our social lives and the proteins in our blood, shedding light on why staying connected may protect against serious illnesses. 



Published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, the study analyzed blood samples from over 42,000 adults in the UK Biobank.



Dr. Chun Shen, a researcher in Cambridge’s Department of Clinical Neurosciences, is the study's lead author.



"We know that social isolation and loneliness are linked to poorer health, but we've never understood why. Our work has highlighted a number of proteins that play a key role in this relationship," explained Dr. Shen. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-loneliness-and-isolation-matter">Why loneliness and isolation matter</h2>



Loneliness and social isolation impact health differently. Isolation is an <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-disrupts-college-students-sleep-more-than-screen-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">objective condition</a> - living alone or rarely interacting socially.



Loneliness, however, is subjective and hinges on an individual’s sense of connection. Both states have been linked to chronic conditions like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke, but the biological mechanisms behind these links remained elusive until now.



The study's approach was innovative: researchers analyzed "proteomes," or the collection of proteins in the bloodstream, to identify changes associated with social factors. 



Proteins, which govern critical functions in the body, often serve as indicators of health and potential drug targets.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-proteins-link-loneliness-to-poor-health">Proteins link loneliness to poor health</h2>



The study identified 175 proteins associated with social isolation and 26 linked to loneliness, with substantial overlap between the two. 



Many of these proteins are tied to inflammation, immune responses, and conditions like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The team used Mendelian randomization, a robust statistical method, to confirm causal links between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-drops-in-middle-adulthood-but-then-grows-with-age/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">loneliness</a> and specific proteins.



One standout protein was ADM (adrenomedullin), which regulates stress responses and influences oxytocin - a hormone known to reduce stress and enhance mood.



“Levels of some proteins, including ADM, increase as a direct consequence of loneliness,” said Dr. Shen. 



High ADM levels were linked to structural changes in the brain’s insula and caudate regions, essential for emotional and social processing, and were associated with a higher risk of early death.



Other proteins, such as ASGR1, were linked to cholesterol regulation and cardiovascular risk. Several proteins played roles in insulin resistance, arterial health, and even cancer progression. These findings highlight the far-reaching effects of social isolation on physical health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-social-bonds-protect-health">Why social bonds protect health</h2>



"AI and high-throughput proteomics can pinpoint key proteins in preventing and diagnosing diseases, revolutionizing our understanding of health," noted Professor Jianfeng Feng from the <a href="https://warwick.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Warwick</a>.



The connection between <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-harms-health-more-than-alcohol-obesity-or-smoking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">social relationships and health</a> isn’t new. However, this study offers unprecedented insight into the biological pathways at play. 



It highlights how proteins, as mediators of biological processes, may bridge the gap between social experiences and physical outcomes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cost-of-social-isolation-and-loneliness">Cost of social isolation and loneliness </h2>



The findings come at a critical time. Professor Barbara Sahakian from Cambridge’s <a href="https://www.postgraduate.study.cam.ac.uk/courses/departments/cvpc" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Department of Psychiatry</a> noted that more and more people - of all ages - are reporting feeling lonely.



"That’s why the <a href="https://www.who.int" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">World Health Organization</a> describes social isolation and loneliness as a ‘global public health concern,’" said Professor Sahakian. 



The urgency is clear: without intervention, the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-causes-people-to-have-more-nightmares/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ripple effects of loneliness</a> may strain individuals and healthcare systems alike.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-moving-forward-what-can-we-do">Moving forward: What can we do?</h2>



So, how do we tackle this pressing issue? Solutions must address both personal and societal levels. Promoting social activities, community engagement, and using technology to connect isolated individuals are vital.



Policymakers and healthcare providers must collaborate to create environments that encourage social bonding.



Dr. Shen’s team also calls for more research into targeted therapies. The proteins identified could pave the way for treatments that mitigate the impact of loneliness on the body. By developing interventions that focus on these biological markers, we may help those most at risk.



The evidence is clear: our social lives profoundly influence our physical health. This study doesn’t just illuminate the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-impairs-memory-in-older-adults/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">biological roots</a> of loneliness - it also challenges us to rethink how we value relationships.



As the world grapples with increasing isolation and loneliness, these findings serve as a timely reminder of the power of social connection.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02078-1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Human Behaviour</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Social isolation and loneliness trigger changes in blood proteins

Loneliness and social isolation are more than just feelings - they're silent threats to our health. A recent study from researchers at the University of Cambridge and Fudan University reveals a direct link between our social lives and the proteins in our blood, shedding light on why staying connected may protect against serious illnesses. Published in the journal Nature Human Behaviour, the study analyzed blood samples from over 42,000 adults in the UK Biobank. Dr. Chun Shen, a researcher in Cambridge’s Department of Clinical Neurosciences, is the...

We all know <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/this-exercise-routine-can-cut-your-risk-of-early-death-in-half/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercise</a> is good for us, but the sheer scale of its benefits continues to astound. A recent study from the <a href="https://unisa.edu.au" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of South Australia</a>, in partnership with a global research team, provides compelling evidence that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) could be one of the most powerful predictors of a long and healthy life.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cardiorespiratory-fitness-crf">Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)</h2>



Cardiorespiratory fitness is essentially the benchmark of your body's internal support system, specifically its ability to supply oxygen during continuous physical activity. This fitness measure reflects how well your heart, lungs, and muscles work in unison. Here’s a deeper look at each component:



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-heart">Heart</h3>



Your heart's role in CRF is pivotal as it pumps oxygen-rich blood to muscles and other tissues. The stronger and more efficient your heart is, the more effectively it can deliver this blood throughout your body. With high CRF, your heart doesn’t have to work as hard during activity, which reduces wear and tear over time and decreases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lungs">Lungs</h3>



Your lungs are responsible for oxygenating the blood. When you engage in sustained physical activity, your breathing rate increases to meet the higher oxygen demands of your muscles. A well-conditioned respiratory system can exchange more oxygen with less effort, meaning it can swiftly provide a larger volume of oxygen to the blood circulating back to your heart.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-muscles">Muscles</h3>



Muscles utilize the oxygen carried in the blood to generate energy through a process known as cellular respiration. More fit muscles are better at using oxygen efficiently, which enhances endurance and strength. They can perform at higher intensities for longer periods before fatigue sets in.



The overall efficiency with which your body uses oxygen is a key aspect of cardiorespiratory fitness. Higher CRF levels mean that your body can not only transport oxygen more efficiently but also utilize it more effectively within the muscles. This efficiency is crucial for prolonged physical activities like running, cycling, or swimming.



When your CRF level is high, your body can handle more strenuous activities with relative ease. It responds better to the stress of exertion, maintaining more stable oxygen levels in your blood and preventing rapid exhaustion. This capability is especially important for athletes who need to perform at peak levels as well as for individuals in physically demanding jobs.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cardiorespiratory-fitness-levels">Cardiorespiratory fitness levels</h2>



The researchers analyzed a breathtaking amount of data – 199 individual studies encompassing over 20 million participants. 



The goal was to meticulously examine the intricate relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness levels and major health outcomes. The results clearly establish CRF as a crucial health indicator:



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Longevity and reduced mortality</h3>



Individuals who maintain high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) significantly enhance their chances of living longer. Research has shown that people with high CRF levels exhibit a remarkable 41 to 53 percent lower risk of dying prematurely from any cause compared to those with lower fitness levels. 



This substantial reduction in mortality rate underscores the critical importance of regular aerobic exercise. Essentially, maintaining a higher level of fitness strengthens vital body functions and systems, enhancing overall life expectancy.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Disease defense through enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness</h3>



Cardiorespiratory fitness not only impacts longevity but also plays a vital role in disease prevention. Incremental increases in CRF are correlated with marked reductions in mortality risks from several major health threats, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and sudden cardiac events. 



For instance, each unit increase in CRF can result in a decrease in death risk ranging from 7 to 51 percent depending on the specific cause. 



Furthermore, higher fitness levels act as a protective shield against a variety of chronic conditions. Individuals with elevated CRF levels see a 37 to 69 percent reduced risk of developing serious health issues such as hypertension, heart failure, stroke, atrial fibrillation, dementia, and depression. 



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Resilience in the face of illness</h3>



The benefits of high CRF extend even to those who are already battling chronic diseases. For individuals diagnosed with conditions like heart disease, cancer, or other chronic ailments, maintaining a higher level of fitness can lead to significantly better health outcomes. 



Such individuals exhibit a substantially lower risk of death, suggesting that regular physical activity can mitigate the adverse effects of these health challenges. This correlation highlights the capacity of improved CRF to not only prevent disease but also to act as a therapeutic agent, enhancing the resilience of patients and potentially decreasing the severity and progression of existing conditions.



"The message is quite simple: if you do a lot of ‘huff and puff’ <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/slow-motion-exercise-changes-our-perception-of-time/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercise</a>, then your risk of dying early or developing diseases in the future is reduced. If you avoid exercise, your health may suffer,” said study senior author Professor Grant Tomkinson.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-small-improvements-for-cardiorespiratory-fitness">Small improvements for cardiorespiratory fitness</h2>



The most encouraging aspect? You don't have to be a marathon runner to reap these benefits. Since cardiorespiratory fitness is a product of physical activity, genetics, age, and overall health, even modest improvements can have a profound impact. This is particularly heartening for those starting from a baseline of lower fitness.



"People can make meaningful improvements through additional moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, at least 150 minutes a week. And as they improve their fitness, their risk of death and disease will decline," said study lead author Dr. Justin Lang.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-to-enhance-your-cardiorespiratory-fitness">How to enhance your cardiorespiratory fitness</h2>



The path towards improving your cardiorespiratory fitness is clear: regular aerobic exercise. Here are excellent ways to get started:



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Brisk walking</h3>



Brisk <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/walk-20-minutes-daily-to-boost-your-brain-power/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">walking</a> stands out as one of the most straightforward and accessible forms of exercise, and it is suitable for almost any fitness level. It's remarkably effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness due to its simplicity and the minimal risk it poses for injuries. 



Regular brisk walking can significantly enhance circulation, strengthen the musculoskeletal system, and improve overall cardiovascular health, making it an ideal daily activity for maintaining health and longevity.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Jogging or running</h3>



Jogging or running takes the principles of brisk walking and amplifies them, offering a more intense cardiovascular workout that accelerates fitness gains. This form of exercise increases heart rate more rapidly, promoting greater endurance and metabolic efficiency. 



Running is particularly effective for those looking to improve fitness quickly and efficiently, as it challenges the body to adapt to higher demands, thus enhancing CRF and burning more calories per session.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Cycling</h3>



Cycling offers a unique blend of low-impact exercise with high-efficiency cardiovascular benefits. It is particularly advantageous for individuals seeking an alternative to the mechanical stress of running, as the cyclic motion minimizes impact on joints while still providing a substantial challenge to the heart and lungs. 



Cycling can be done outdoors on varied terrain or indoors on a stationary bike, making it a versatile option for year-round fitness.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Swimming</h3>



Swimming is a superb full-body workout that combines cardiovascular strain with muscle strengthening, all while being gentle on the joints. The resistance of water makes every movement more challenging, providing a solid workout to major muscle groups simultaneously. 



This makes swimming an excellent choice for those with joint issues or for individuals who are looking for a rigorous yet low-impact way to enhance their cardiorespiratory fitness.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Dancing</h3>



Dancing is an exceptionally fun and versatile way to get your heart pumping. Whether it's salsa, hip-hop, ballroom, or freestyle, dancing not only improves CRF but also enhances coordination, balance, and flexibility. 



Dancing offers a joyful escape that encourages more frequent participation due to its enjoyable nature, leading to better sustained fitness levels over time. This activity can be adapted to any skill level and typically provides a social component, adding to its appeal.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-significance">Study significance</h2>



The study bolsters the argument for routine cardiorespiratory fitness assessments. By incorporating fitness measurements into health checkups, healthcare professionals can proactively identify those who would benefit from targeted exercise interventions. 



On a broader level, we need to champion policies and infrastructure that support active lifestyles. Sedentary habits are a modern plague, and encouraging regular movement must be a public health priority.



While the evidence is overwhelming, researchers acknowledge the need for more. Future studies should focus on women's health specifically and explore the finer links between CRF and specific types of cancer or additional mental health outcomes.



The study is published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2024/04/09/bjsports-2023-107849" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">British Journal of Sports Medicine</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Cardiorespiratory fitness cuts early death risks by 53 percent

We all know exercise is good for us, but the...

Loneliness is not just a fleeting feeling but a persistent state that can profoundly affect our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-harms-health-more-than-alcohol-obesity-or-smoking/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">health</a> and well-being. A comprehensive study conducted by <a href="https://www.nm.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Northwestern Medicine</a> has revealed that loneliness in adulthood exhibits a U-shaped trajectory, peaking during young and older ages while dipping in middle adulthood. 



"Loneliness is a pervasive experience with adverse impacts on health and well-being. Despite its significance, notable gaps impede a full understanding of how loneliness changes across the adult life span and what factors influence these changes," wrote the study authors. 



The U-shaped loneliness pattern described by the researchers has been consistently observed across nine longitudinal studies spanning multiple countries, including the U.K., Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Australia, Israel, and others. 



These studies were conducted prior to the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-was-widespread-during-the-second-wave-of-covid/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, which only exacerbated the feelings of loneliness worldwide.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-key-risk-factors">Key risk factors </h2>



The study highlights several factors that contribute to increased loneliness throughout one’s life. Women, individuals who are socially isolated, those with lower educational levels, and people suffering from physical impairments are found to be at greater risk. 



Socioeconomic factors such as lower income, being divorced or widowed, and having <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/millions-of-americans-have-lost-years-of-time-to-poor-mental-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">poor mental</a> or physical health also play significant roles in contributing to this persistent state.



Study co-author Professor Eileen Graham emphasized the critical nature of this issue. “The uptick in loneliness in older adulthood is striking. Considering the detrimental health implications of loneliness, similar to those of daily smoking, it's crucial to understand who is most affected and why, as they age out of midlife," said Professor Graham.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-growing-epidemic">A growing epidemic </h2>



The study’s revelations are timely, especially in light of last year’s declaration by the U.S. Surgeon General, which labeled loneliness as an epidemic requiring urgent intervention. 



Professor Graham suggests that insights from the study could pave the way for targeted interventions to reduce social disparities and, by extension, loneliness - particularly among <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/loneliness-hits-people-hardest-in-their-20s-and-40s/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">older adults</a>.



One practical approach could involve general practitioners assessing loneliness levels during regular wellness visits, which might help identify at-risk individuals early on. This proactive measure could potentially help mitigate the long-term impacts of loneliness on health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-loneliness-at-different-stages-of-adulthood">Loneliness at different stages of adulthood </h2>



The relationship between social interaction and loneliness is complex. During middle adulthood, people often engage in numerous social activities - whether through work, marriage, or parental interactions - that might provide a buffer against loneliness. 



However, this is not a one-size-fits-all scenario. “You can have a lot of social interaction and still be lonely or, alternatively, be relatively isolated and not feel lonely," noted Professor Graham.



For younger adults, loneliness can be particularly challenging as they navigate significant life transitions such as advancing their education, starting careers, and forming new <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/good-friends-key-happiness/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">social circles</a>. 



"As people grow and transition from young adulthood into midlife, they establish more permanent relationships and social networks, which can be protective against loneliness," noted Professor Tomiko Yoneda of UC Davis.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-addressing-loneliness-across-the-lifespan">Addressing loneliness across the lifespan</h2>



The findings of this study not only deepen our understanding of how loneliness evolves throughout life but also underscore the need for tailored strategies to combat this growing issue across different stages of life. 



Addressing loneliness is not just about increasing social interactions but also about enhancing the quality of these interactions to foster genuine connections and well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Health impacts of loneliness&nbsp;</h2>



When people feel lonely, they're more susceptible to a range of mental and physical health issues. For example, loneliness can contribute to increased stress levels, which can in turn affect the cardiovascular system and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. It's also linked to higher rates of depression and anxiety, which can have a cascading effect on overall well-being.



Physiologically, loneliness can influence sleep patterns, leading to poorer quality sleep and shorter sleep duration. This can exacerbate health problems and decrease immune function, making individuals more vulnerable to various illnesses.&nbsp;



Additionally, chronic loneliness might contribute to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia, due to the potential impact on brain health and cognitive function.



From a behavioral standpoint, lonely individuals might engage in less physical activity and could have different eating habits, potentially leading to obesity or other related health issues. They might also be less likely to seek medical help or adhere to medical advice, further compounding the risk of negative health outcomes.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09567976241242037" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Psychological Science</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Loneliness drops in middle adulthood, but then grows with age

Loneliness is not just a fleeting feeling but a persistent...

For many, the idea of biting into a sour lemon brings about a strong urge to rid oneself of the overwhelming tartness of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/taste-buds-wired-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sour</a> flavors. However, recent research reveals a fascinating twist in taste preferences among adults: approximately 12% actually revel in these intense sour sensations.



The study, conducted by researchers at <a href="https://www.worldcampus.psu.edu/?cid=CPC39866&amp;gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjw88yxBhBWEiwA7cm6pSYRIMr0bd1ruy2w1icHuOymsFT79la4b7YsJa8RYleKr0ZKHExBpRoCHo0QAvD_BwE" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Penn State</a> in collaboration with Italian scientists, marks a significant advancement in understanding the complexity of taste. The research has shed new light on adult taste preferences, challenging the prevailing notion that sour flavors are universally disliked.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-unraveling-the-sour-puzzle">Unraveling the sour puzzle</h2>



Historically, it has been understood that children may have a fondness for intense sour flavors - a preference evident in about one-third of the young population. Yet, until now, the persistence of this preference into adulthood had not been directly examined. 



"This is the first time it's been convincingly shown that there is a segment of adults who likes strongly sour things," explained Professor John Hayes, director of the Sensory Evaluation Center at Penn State.



The researchers embarked on an international exploration to debunk the myth that adults grow out of their sour inclinations. 



By analyzing the responses of adult participants from two distinct cultural backgrounds - the United States and Italy - they were able to observe how sourness was perceived across different demographics.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-preferences-for-sour-flavors">Preferences for sour flavors </h2>



The study meticulously gauged the reactions of 143 American adults and 350 Italian adults to varying degrees of sourness in beverages - citric acid in water and pear juice spiked with citric acid, respectively. 



Participants, predominantly white and of similar age and gender demographics, were recruited from a metropolitan area in Tuscany and from State College, Pennsylvania. The individuals were asked to rate the intensity of sourness and their liking of them. 



The findings were revealing: the majority exhibited a strong dislike for increased sourness, but a notable minority of about 11 to 12 percent showed an increase in liking as the sour flavors intensified.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cultural-consistency-in-sour-flavor-preferences">Cultural consistency in sour flavor preferences</h2>



"Italian <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/saliva-influence-foods-eat/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">food</a> culture and American food culture are so wildly different. And yet we end up with almost identical percentages, which suggests to us this is not an effect of prior exposure. It's probably something innately different about those people," noted Sara Spinelli, a researcher from the University of Florence and first author on the paper.



This uniformity across cultures underscores the existence of a "sour liker" demographic that transcends cultural boundaries, particularly in their preference for sour flavors. 



The discovery of this consistent taste preference segment opens new avenues for food manufacturers to cater to this unique group. 



Professor Hayes suggests that recognizing these differences can lead to the development of tailored <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/food-products-need-environmental-impact-labels/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">food products</a> that might encourage healthier eating habits, particularly in alternatives that are less sweet yet still palatable to the sour-enjoying populace.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-embracing-the-diversity-of-taste">Embracing the diversity of taste</h2>



The study not only illuminates the persistence of sour flavor enjoyment into adulthood but also highlights the importance of considering individual <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-have-trained-an-ai-algorithm-to-taste-wine/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">taste</a> preferences in food science and product development. 



"This could ultimately serve to promote the consumption of healthier foods and beverages that are lower in sweetness but still acceptable to consumers," said Professor Hayes.



The research underscores the diversity of our palates, particularly in flavor preferences. It serves as a reminder that appreciating this diversity can lead to enhanced consumer satisfaction and healthier <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mindfulness-improves-health-by-helping-people-make-smart-dietary-choices/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dietary choices</a>. 



Understanding the varied responses to sour flavors across different cultures highlights the potential for more tailored food products that cater to specific taste profiles.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-foods-with-sour-flavors">Foods with sour flavors</h2>



Foods with sour flavors are quite diverse and often highly appreciated for their vibrant, tangy qualities. Sourness in foods can come from various sources like citrus fruits including lemons, limes, and oranges, which are naturally rich in citric acid. 



Vinegar, used in dressings and marinades, also imparts a sharp sour taste due to acetic acid. Fermented products like yogurt, sour cream, and kefir have a distinctive tang due to lactic acid produced during fermentation. 



Additionally, pickled vegetables, sauerkraut, and kimchi offer a unique sour flavor from the fermentation process. Tamarind, a popular ingredient in Asian and Latin American cuisines, provides a deep, puckering sourness to dishes. These ingredients not only enhance the taste of food but also can contribute to the complexity of a dish’s flavor profile, often balancing sweetness and spice.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950329324000545?via%3Dihub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Food Quality and Preference</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

A surprising amount of adults like intensely sour flavors

For many, the idea of biting into a sour lemon...

A comprehensive analysis involving data from over one million individuals has identified more than 2,000 genetic signals associated with blood pressure, including 113 newly discovered genomic loci.



As one of the largest studies of its kind, the research expands our understanding of how blood pressure is regulated and sets the stage for future breakthroughs in medical research and treatment strategies. 



Supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), the research was a collaborative effort across multiple prestigious institutions and utilized data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).



These studies collectively examined the genetic makeup of large groups to identify variants linked to blood pressure and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/traffic-noise-increases-the-risk-of-hypertension/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypertension</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exploring-the-genetic-foundations-of-blood-pressure">Exploring the genetic foundations of blood pressure</h2>



By merging four extensive datasets, the researchers were able to paint a clearer picture of the genetic underpinnings of blood pressure. 



The findings revealed a complex network of genetic factors that contribute to blood pressure levels, highlighting the intricate nature of genetic influence on this common yet critical health indicator.



Dr. Helen Warren is a Senior Lecturer in Statistical Genetics at <a href="https://www.qmul.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Queen Mary University of London</a>. “We have now revealed a much larger proportion of the genetic contribution to blood pressure than was previously known," said Dr. Warren. 



This revelation is crucial as it opens the door to potential new drug targets and advances in precision medicine, particularly in the early detection and prevention of hypertension.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-polygenic-risk-scores">Polygenic risk scores</h2>



One of the significant outputs of this study is the development of polygenic risk scores, which combine the effects of numerous genetic variants to predict an individual's blood pressure and their risk for hypertension. 



Consequently, individuals with the highest genetic risk show mean systolic blood pressure levels approximately 17 mmHg higher than those with the lowest genetic risk, and they face a sevenfold increased risk of developing hypertension.



Study senior author Professor Patricia Munroe highlighted the utility of these new scores. “Our results provide new resources for understanding biological mechanisms and importantly, new polygenic risk scores for early identification and stratification of people at risk for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/depression-and-cardiovascular-diseases-are-genetically-linked/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cardiovascular diseases</a>.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-emphasizing-diversity-in-genetic-research">Emphasizing diversity in genetic research </h2>



This study represents a significant advancement in genetic research while also highlighting the critical need for more diverse genomic data. Most of the analyzed data came from individuals of European ancestry - a frequent limitation in genetic studies. 



Nevertheless, the researchers confirmed the relevance of their findings for individuals of African ancestry by utilizing data from the National Institute of Health’s All of Us Research Program.



The inclusion of this diverse data is essential for the broader applicability of polygenic risk scores in routine healthcare, ensuring that advancements in medical science benefit a globally diverse population.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-continuing-challenge-of-hypertension">The continuing challenge of hypertension</h2>



High blood pressure, or <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/young-adults-high-blood-pressure/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hypertension</a>, affects nearly one billion people worldwide and poses a significant risk factor for numerous health conditions, including heart and kidney diseases. 



Environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle exacerbate the genetic component of this condition, underscoring the importance of ongoing research in this area.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-understanding-high-blood-pressure">Understanding high blood pressure</h2>



The collaboration of over 140 investigators from more than 100 universities, institutes, and government agencies worldwide underscores the global commitment to understanding and combating high blood pressure. 



The study not only advances our genetic knowledge but also paves the way for innovative treatment and prevention strategies that could significantly impact public health. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-more-about-high-blood-pressure">More about high blood pressure </h2>



High blood pressure is a common <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/high-blood-pressure-is-commonly-shared-by-couples-worldwide/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">condition</a> where the force of the blood against the walls of the arteries is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. The condition is often called the "silent killer" because it doesn't usually cause symptoms until it has done significant damage to the heart and arteries. 



Generally, blood pressure readings are given in two numbers. The top number, systolic pressure, measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. The bottom number, diastolic pressure, measures the pressure in the arteries between beats.



Risk factors for developing high blood pressure include <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/overweight-children-high-blood-pressure/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">obesity</a>, drinking too much alcohol, smoking, family history, and a diet high in salt but low in potassium. High blood pressure is manageable and treatable through lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, being physically active, limiting alcohol intake, and eating a balanced diet. 



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01714-w" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Genetics</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Study reveals over 2,000 genetic markers that affect blood pressure

A comprehensive analysis involving data from over one million individuals...

Smiling,Happy,Healthy,Middle,Aged,50s,Woman,Holding,Glass,Of

In the quest to extend human lifespan and improve overall health, scientists have been searching for effective <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drinking-tea-delays-biological-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">anti-aging interventions</a>. They may have found one by accident. A drug used for high blood pressure, known as rilmenidine, may also be effective in slowing the aging process.



While caloric restriction has been considered the most robust method to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/t-cells-could-be-used-to-slow-down-or-even-reverse-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">promote longevity</a> across species, its mixed results and side effects in humans have led researchers to explore alternative solutions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rilmenidine-potential-game-changer-in-the-fight-against-aging">Rilmenidine: Potential game-changer in the fight against aging</h2>



Researchers from <a href="https://ethz.ch/en.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ETH Zürich</a>, <a href="https://hms.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harvard Medical School</a>, and the <a href="https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Liverpool</a>, led by Professor João Pedro Magalhães, have found that rilmenidine, an antihypertensive medication, can extend lifespan and slow aging in animals.



The study demonstrates that treating animals with rilmenidine at both young and older ages increases lifespan and improves health markers, mimicking the effects of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/intermittent-fasting-may-be-the-secret-to-slowing-down-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">caloric restriction</a>. 



Professor Magalhães, now based at the <a href="https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Birmingham</a>, emphasized the significance of these findings, stating, "With a global aging population, the benefits of delaying aging, even if slightly, are immense."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-role-of-the-i1-imidazoline-receptor">Role of the I1-imidazoline receptor</h2>



The researchers also discovered that the healthspan and lifespan benefits of rilmenidine treatment in the roundworm C. elegans are mediated by the I1-imidazoline receptor nish-1. 



This identification of nish-1 as a potential <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-have-identified-anti-aging-drugs-using-ai-technology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">longevity target</a> opens up new avenues for future research and drug development.



I1-imidazoline receptors are a family of receptors that bind to imidazoline compounds and are involved in various physiological processes. 



These receptors are found in both invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. They are distinct from alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, although some imidazoline compounds can bind to both receptor types.



I1-imidazoline receptors are located in the central nervous system, particularly in the brainstem and hypothalamus, as well as in peripheral tissues such as the kidneys, pancreas, and adipose tissue. They play a role in regulating blood pressure, insulin secretion, and lipid metabolism.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-i1-imidazoline-receptors-are-the-unsung-heroes-of-physiology">I1-Imidazoline receptors are the unsung heroes of physiology</h3>



Several studies have investigated the potential therapeutic applications of targeting I1-imidazoline receptors. For example, some research suggests that activating these receptors may have antidepressant effects and could be useful in treating depression and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/lsd-can-treat-crippling-anxiety-with-a-single-dose/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">anxiety disorders</a>. 



Other studies have explored the role of I1-imidazoline receptors in regulating glucose homeostasis and their potential as targets for the treatment of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleep-deprivation-linked-type-2-diabetes-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">type 2 diabetes</a>.



However, much remains to be discovered about the specific functions and mechanisms of I1-imidazoline receptors in different species and their potential as therapeutic targets. 



Further research is needed to fully understand the role of these receptors in various physiological processes and to develop targeted therapies that can harness their potential for treating a range of conditions, including <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plant-protein-linked-to-healthier-aging-and-lower-risk-of-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">aging-related diseases</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-anti-aging-advantages-of-rilmenidine">Anti-aging advantages of rilmenidine</h2>



One of the key advantages of rilmenidine is its potential for future translatability to humans. Unlike other drugs previously studied for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/harvard-scientists-fountain-of-youth-pill-sparks-controversy/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">anti-aging purposes</a>, rilmenidine is a widely-prescribed, oral antihypertensive medication with rare and non-severe side effects. 



This makes it a more feasible and safer option for human use compared to caloric restriction, which has shown mixed results and side effects in human studies.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-untapped-potential-of-drug-repurposing">Untapped potential of drug repurposing</h2>



Professor Magalhães highlighted the immense potential of repurposing drugs for extending lifespan and healthspan, stating, "Repurposing drugs capable of extending lifespan and healthspan has a huge untapped potential in translational geroscience." 



This study marks the first time rilmenidine has been shown to increase lifespan in animals, paving the way for further exploration of its potential clinical applications.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-promising-step-towards-healthier-aging">Promising step towards healthier aging</h2>



This study on rilmenidine, led by Professor João Pedro Magalhães, offers a glimmer of hope in the search for effective anti-aging interventions. 



By demonstrating rilmenidine's ability to extend lifespan and improve health markers in animals, the researchers have unlocked a potential game-changer in the field of geroscience. 



As they continue to explore the drug's mechanisms and potential clinical applications, the prospect of repurposing this widely-prescribed antihypertensive medication for healthier aging becomes increasingly tangible. 



With further research and development, rilmenidine could pave the way for a new era of accessible and effective anti-aging solutions, bringing us one step closer to the dream of a longer, healthier life.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13774" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Aging Cell</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

High blood pressure drug called 'rilmenidine' dramatically slows aging in animals

In the quest to extend human lifespan and improve overall...

In recent findings presented at the ESCMID Global Congress in Barcelona, Spain, researchers uncovered concerning levels of antibiotic resistance in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cooked-versus-gut-bacteria/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">uncooked meat</a> intended for both human and animal consumption. 



This research, carried out by Dr. Jordan Sealey, Professor Matthew Avison, and their team from the <a href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Bristol</a>, delves into the risks associated with meat products sold in the UK.



Unfortunately, despite being regulated by the UK Government Food Standards Agency (<a href="https://www.food.gov.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">FSA</a>), meat products are not tested for resistant opportunistic pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E. coli).



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-antibiotic-resistance-in-meat">Antibiotic resistance in meat</h2>



The study examined 58 samples of uncooked meat -- beef, chicken, lamb, and pork -- all intended for cooking before human consumption, along with 15 samples of raw chicken-based dog food. 



These samples underwent testing for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dogs-fed-raw-meat-may-spread-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">E. coli resistance</a> to several antibiotics, including amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, which are critically important for human health due to their role in combating antibiotic resistance.



The findings were striking. Chicken meant for human consumption exhibited a 100% positivity rate for resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin.



In addition, nearly half of these samples were resistant to the critically important antibiotic class, fluoroquinolones. The levels of antibiotic resistance in beef, lamb, and pork were also significant, though slightly lower.



This consistent pattern of antibiotic resistance was also noted in the raw dog food, indicating a concerning similarity in the bacterial profiles of meats designated for both humans and pets.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-of-the-findings">Implications of the findings</h2>



The presence of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-create-viruses-to-combat-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">antibiotic-resistant bacteria</a> in raw meats is not just a theoretical concern. It poses a real risk of transmitting these bacteria from the meat to consumers and their pets, particularly through improper handling and consumption of uncooked meat. 



Dr. Sealey and Professor Avison emphasize the importance of cooking meat thoroughly to kill harmful bacteria and practicing good hygiene during meat preparation to prevent the spread of these pathogens.



"Most people are aware of the risks of food poisoning from uncooked meat but are less informed about the dangers of picking up antibiotic-resistant pathogens," the researchers noted. 



Owners feeding their dogs <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/pet-raw-meat-diet-dangerous/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">raw meat</a> may also unknowingly handle meat contaminated with these pathogens, increasing the risk of spreading to humans within the household.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mitigating-the-risks">Mitigating the risks</h2>



This study serves as a stark reminder of the hidden dangers lurking in uncooked meats and underscores the critical importance of safe food handling practices to combat antibiotic resistance.



Moreover, it confirms that raw meats can harbor multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli, which, if ingested, can enter the gut and potentially lead to resistant opportunistic infections, such as urinary tract infections.



To mitigate these risks, the researchers advocate for stringent hygiene practices during meat preparation, thorough cooking of meat before consumption, and careful handling of raw <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/harmful-bacteria-dog-food-raw-meat/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dog food</a>. 



Implementing these steps is essential to prevent the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and protect public health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fight-against-antibiotic-resistance">Fight against antibiotic resistance</h2>



The research discussed sheds light on a critical public health concern: the prevalence of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dogs-fed-raw-meat-may-spread-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">antibiotic-resistant bacteria</a> in meat products intended for both human and animal consumption. 



These findings indicate that various meats, such as chicken, beef, lamb, and pork, harbor bacteria that have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. 



This resistance makes infections from these bacteria harder to treat and increases the risk of more severe health outcomes.



The widespread nature of this problem highlights the necessity for heightened awareness among consumers, healthcare providers, and food industry professionals. 



Increased awareness can lead to more informed decisions about meat purchasing, handling, and cooking, which are vital steps in preventing the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-educating-the-public-about-antibiotic-resistance-from-meat">Educating the public about antibiotic resistance from meat</h2>



Public education campaigns could be an effective tool in raising this awareness, informing people about the risks of raw meat and the importance of thorough cooking and proper hygiene.



Moreover, the research emphasizes the need for proactive steps to tackle this issue. This could include stricter regulations on antibiotic use in agriculture, improved testing and monitoring of antibiotic resistance in meat products, and the development of new policies to manage and reduce the use of antibiotics in farming. 



These measures are crucial to controlling the spread of resistance and ensuring that antibiotics remain effective for treating infections in both humans and animals.



The urgency of these actions stems from the potential public health crisis that could arise if antibiotic resistance continues to spread unchecked. 



Without robust efforts to manage this issue, there could be a significant increase in drug-resistant infections, which would be harder and more costly to treat. 



Therefore, this research serves as a call to action for all stakeholders involved -- from farm to table -- to engage in more responsible practices concerning antibiotic use and meat handling to protect public health.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Worrying levels of antibiotic resistance found in uncooked meats

In recent findings presented at the ESCMID Global Congress in...

Our modern, convenience-driven lifestyles often involve prolonged periods of sitting, whether at work, commuting, or relaxing at home. While seemingly harmless, sitting more than you stand is <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sedentary-behavior-sitting-for-hours-health-risk-early-death/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bad for your overall health</a>.



Prolonged sitting is a major risk factor for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/walking-can-counteract-the-health-risks-of-sitting/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">chronic diseases</a> such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and even a shortened lifespan. 



Fortunately, an important new study offers a surprisingly simple solution that could make a huge difference in your long-term health: <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/standing-lose-weight/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">standing</a> up more often.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sit-less-for-better-health">Sit less for better health</h2>



Australian researchers carefully studied how the way we spend our time (<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sedentary-behavior-sitting-for-hours-health-risk-early-death/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sitting</a>, sleeping, standing, and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercise-significantly-lowers-heart-disease-risk-by-reducing-stress/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercising</a>) directly influences our heart health. They analyzed multiple factors that indicate cardiovascular wellbeing.



<ul>
<li>Sit no more than 6 hours per day.&nbsp;This may be a challenge, but it highlights the importance of reducing sedentary time.</li>



<li>Stand for a total of 5 hours per day.&nbsp;Note, this is simple standing, not even walking.</li>



<li>Engage in 2+ hours of vigorous exercise.&nbsp;Brisk walking, swimming, running, cycling, or gym workouts would fit here.</li>



<li>Incorporate 2+ hours of light exercise.&nbsp;This includes daily tasks like laundry, cooking, gardening, or walking the dog.</li>



<li>Sleep for 8 hours, 20 minutes.&nbsp;Quality sleep is essential for overall health.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-power-of-standing">Power of standing</h2>



This study draws attention to the unique power of standing time. It demonstrates that even if you consistently engage in intense exercise, spending too many <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ten-hours-of-sitting-amplifies-the-risk-of-dementia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hours sitting</a> still has a negative impact on your health. This highlights the importance of actions beyond just dedicated workouts.



The research suggests that simply breaking up extended periods of sitting by incorporating standing intervals can have significant benefits for your overall health. This means that small changes throughout your day can make a real difference.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-study-significance">Study significance </h2>



"For different health markers, from waist circumference to fasting glucose, there would be different levels for each behavior. This breakdown encompasses a wide range of health markers and converges on the 24 hours associated with overall optimal health," said Dr Christian Brakenridge, study author and expert in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/this-exercise-routine-can-cut-your-risk-of-early-death-in-half/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercise</a> physiology at <a href="https://www.swinburne.edu.au" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Swinburne University of Technology</a>, Melbourne.



"Of course, moving as much as you can is always encouraged when so much of life requires us to be sitting in front of screens.&nbsp;Shorter <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/walking-can-counteract-the-health-risks-of-sitting/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sitting</a> time and more time spent standing, undergoing physical activity and sleeping give great boosts to our cardiometabolic health," Brakenridge added.



Researchers acknowledge that this serves as a general recommendation and individual needs may vary. Those with specific health concerns should consult their doctors first.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-daily-sitting-sleeping-standing-and-exercising-for-optimal-health">Daily sitting, sleeping, standing, and exercising for optimal health</h2>



Here are practical ways to apply the insights from this study:



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">The power of interruptions</h3>



Interrupting sedentary periods throughout your day can significantly boost your overall health. By setting reminders to stand up every 30 to 60 minutes, you commit to breaking the cycle of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/moving-more-and-sitting-less-leads-to-healthier-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">prolonged sitting</a>, which research has linked to various health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and lower back pain. 



These brief interruptions for standing or stretching can help improve circulation, increase energy, reduce fatigue, and enhance focus. This habit ensures that even on your busiest days, you are taking steps (literally and figuratively) toward maintaining your physical well-being.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Re-think meetings</h3>



Work environments are traditionally sedentary, but they don't have to be. Rethinking how and where you conduct meetings can introduce beneficial <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/active-aging-physical-activity-has-a-direct-impact-on-life-quality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">physical activity</a> into your daily routine. 



For example, if a meeting doesn't require extensive note-taking or technology, consider having it while standing, walking, or even outdoors. 



Walking meetings not only foster a dynamic environment for brainstorming and problem-solving but also promote health by reducing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sitting-increases-risk-dementia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sitting</a> time and encouraging gentle physical activity that supports heart health and muscle tone.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Sit-stand workstation for better health</h3>



Adopting a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/every-move-counts-even-minimal-activity-can-boost-heart-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">standing desk</a> or an adjustable sit-stand workstation is a proactive approach to combatting the negative health effects of prolonged sitting. 



These desks allow you to easily alternate between sitting and standing, which can reduce the risk of chronic health issues like type 2 diabetes and heart disease, as well as alleviate musculoskeletal pain, particularly in the lower back. 



Standing desks have also been shown to boost productivity and enhance mood, as standing helps increase blood flow and energy levels.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Everyday movement</h3>



Incorporating movement into your everyday life is about making intentional choices that contribute to your physical well-being. Simple acts such as opting for the stairs instead of the elevator, taking a brisk walk during your coffee break, or choosing a parking spot at the far end of the lot increase your daily physical activity. 



These choices help you accumulate the recommended 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week, as suggested by health authorities. Each decision to move more is a step toward better health, enhancing your cardiovascular fitness and increasing your energy levels.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">Bedtime ritual</h3>



A consistent bedtime routine is key to achieving high-quality sleep, which is crucial for overall health. Developing a series of relaxing, pre-sleep activities can greatly improve your ability to fall and stay asleep. Activities might include dimming the lights, reading a book, meditating, or practicing gentle yoga stretches. 



These activities help lower your body's stress levels and prepare your mind for sleep, making it easier to achieve the deep, restorative stages of sleep necessary for optimal health. By prioritizing these rituals, you not only enhance your sleep quality but also contribute to better mental and physical health.



This cutting-edge research highlights the vital role that movement and minimizing sedentary behavior plays in overall health. By integrating easy changes, like taking regular standing breaks and increasing light, everyday activity, we can significantly counter the negative effects of the "sitting disease" and cultivate a healthier, more vibrant life.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Sit, stand, exercise and sleep this much each day for optimal health

Our modern, convenience-driven lifestyles often involve prolonged periods of sitting,...

An analysis from several comprehensive long-term studies led by an international team of scientists has revealed that a healthy <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/eight-healthy-lifestyle-habits-could-extend-your-life-by-decades/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifestyle</a> may counteract the life-shortening effects of certain genes by more than 60 percent. 



The findings of the study underscore the combined influence of genetics and lifestyle on lifespan, where an unhealthy lifestyle alone is associated with a 78-percent increased risk of premature death, regardless of genetic background.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lifestyle-factors-and-lifespan">Lifestyle factors and lifespan</h2>



The studies employed a polygenic risk score (PRS) to assess each individual's genetic risk of having a shorter or longer lifespan, factoring in multiple genetic variants.&nbsp;



Lifestyle factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet quality, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleeping-less-than-seven-hours-high-blood-pressure-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep duration</a>, and physical activity levels also played a crucial role.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-healthy-lifestyle-versus-genetics-nbsp">Healthy lifestyle versus genetics&nbsp;</h2>



The researchers aimed to quantify how much a healthy lifestyle could potentially offset the genetic risk of a shortened lifespan. They utilized data from 353,742 adults enrolled in the <a href="https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UK Biobank</a> between 2006 and 2010, tracking their health until 2021. 



The participants were divided based on their PRS into groups indicating long (20%), intermediate (60%), and short (20%) lifespan risks, derived from the LifeGen cohort study data.



Lifestyle scores were assigned based on criteria including non-smoking status, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy body shape, sufficient sleep, and a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/feeding-children-healthy-diets-can-be-very-challenging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">nutritious diet</a>. These were categorized as favorable (23% of participants), intermediate (56%), and unfavorable (22%) using data from the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">US NHANES</a> study.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-genetic-risk-and-unhealthy-lifestyle-nbsp">Genetic risk and unhealthy lifestyle&nbsp;</h2>



Over an average follow-up period of nearly 13 years, 24,239 participants passed away. The results of the analysis showed that individuals genetically predisposed to a shorter lifespan were 21 percent more likely to die early compared to those with a genetic predisposition to a longer life, irrespective of lifestyle.&nbsp;



Additionally, those with an unfavorable lifestyle had a 78 percent higher risk of premature death than those with a favorable lifestyle, regardless of genetic factors.



Participants facing both a high genetic risk and an unfavorable lifestyle were twice as likely to die early compared to those with a low genetic risk and a favorable lifestyle. Key components of a beneficial lifestyle included non-smoking, engaging in regular physical activity, getting adequate sleep, and maintaining a healthy diet.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-healthy-lifestyle-mitigates-genetic-risk-nbsp">Healthy lifestyle mitigates genetic risk&nbsp;</h2>



While this is an observational study with inherent limitations - such as assessing lifestyle at a single point and the exclusion of non-European ancestries - the findings suggest that a favorable lifestyle can substantially mitigate the genetic risk of a shortened <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/extended-human-lifespans-could-be-catastrophic-for-our-planet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifespan</a> by about 62 percent. 



According to the experts, individuals at high genetic risk could potentially extend their life expectancy by nearly 5.5 years at the age of 40 through healthy living. They highlight the importance of establishing healthy habits early in life, given that lifestyle patterns tend to solidify before middle age.



“This study elucidates the pivotal role of a healthy lifestyle in mitigating the impact of genetic factors on lifespan reduction. Public health policies for improving healthy lifestyles would serve as potent complements to conventional healthcare and mitigate the influence of genetic factors on human lifespan,” the authors concluded.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-aspects-of-a-healthy-lifestyle">Aspects of a healthy lifestyle</h2>



A healthy lifestyle is centered around habits that enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It generally includes a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains which provides the necessary nutrients and energy.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-exercise-nbsp">Exercise&nbsp;</h3>



Regular <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercise-boosts-health-and-lifespan-regardless-of-intensity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">physical activity</a>, whether it's through structured exercise like jogging or informal activities like walking, helps maintain a healthy weight, strengthens the heart, and boosts mood.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sleep">Sleep</h3>



Good sleep is another pillar of a healthy lifestyle, with most adults benefiting from seven to nine hours per night. Sleep aids in recovery, cognitive function, and emotional regulation. Stress management through techniques such as meditation, yoga, or simply dedicating time to hobbies, helps maintain mental health and reduces the risk of various physical health issues.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-healthy-habits">Healthy habits</h3>



Avoiding harmful habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and drug use is also crucial. Instead, forming positive relationships that support a healthy lifestyle and seeking regular medical advice to monitor health conditions and prevent diseases are beneficial practices.



Overall, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is about making consistent, daily choices that lead to long-term benefits for both body and mind.



The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112583" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BMJ Evidence Based Medicine</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Lifespan is influenced more by lifestyle than genetics

An analysis from several comprehensive long-term studies led by an...

A new study led by the <a href="https://www.unmc.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Nebraska Medical Center</a> suggests that frequent <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dangers-of-vaping-and-second-hand-vaping-are-greatly-underestimated/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">vaping </a>among teenagers could increase their exposure to toxic metals like lead and uranium, potentially endangering brain and organ development. These findings highlight the urgent need for regulatory and preventative measures aimed at this age group.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vaping-popularity">Vaping popularity</h2>



Vaping has become increasingly popular among teenagers. In 2022, data showed that approximately 14% of U.S. high school students (around 2.14 million) and over 3% of middle school students (around 380,000) reported vaping in the previous month.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-toxic-metals-in-vaping-liquids">Toxic metals in vaping liquids</h2>



The researchers note that certain metals, which are particularly harmful during developmental stages, have been found in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/e-cigarettes-linked-to-increased-risk-of-heart-failure/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">e-cigarette</a> aerosols and liquids. 



Exposure to these metals is associated with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/vaping-interferes-with-memory-focus-and-decision-making/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive issues</a>, behavioral disturbances, respiratory problems, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases in children.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vaping-and-toxic-metal-exposure-nbsp">Vaping and toxic metal exposure&nbsp;</h2>



The study aimed to explore the relationship between the frequency of vaping, the choice of vape flavors, and the levels of potentially <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plants-may-remove-toxic-metals-from-soil/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">toxic metals</a>. 



The researchers utilized data from the nationally representative Wave 5 (December 2018 to November 2019) of the <a href="https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/NAHDAP/studies/36231" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PATH Youth Study</a>, which included 1,607 teenagers aged 13 to 17. After certain exclusions, 200 vapers were analyzed.



Participants' urine samples were tested for cadmium, lead, and uranium. Vaping frequency was categorized into occasional (1–5 days/month), intermittent (6–19 days), and frequent (20+ days).&nbsp;



Additionally, vape flavors were classified into four groups: menthol or mint; fruit; sweet flavors like chocolate or desserts; and other flavors including tobacco, clove or spice, and alcoholic or non-alcoholic drinks.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lead-levels-among-vapers-nbsp">Lead levels among vapers&nbsp;</h2>



Among the 200 exclusive vapers analyzed (63% female), the study found that lead levels were 40% higher in intermittent vapers and 30% higher in frequent vapers compared to occasional users.&nbsp;



Uranium levels were notably twice as high in frequent vapers as in those who vaped occasionally. Furthermore, vapers who preferred sweet flavors exhibited 90% higher uranium levels compared to those choosing menthol/mint flavors.



No significant differences were noted in urinary cadmium levels across different vaping frequencies or flavor types.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-metal-in-vaping-devices-varies-by-brand">Metal in vaping devices varies by brand</h2>



While this is an observational study and definitive conclusions about the relationship between toxic metal levels and vaping habits cannot be made, the researchers caution that metal content in vaping devices can vary by brand and device type (tank, pod, mod).&nbsp;



The experts also note that although urinary levels indicate chronic exposure, they only represent a single point in time. Additionally, uranium found in urine can come from various sources, including environmental exposure from natural deposits, industrial activities, and diet.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-study-implications-nbsp">Broader study implications&nbsp;</h2>



“Nonetheless, these compounds are known to cause harm in humans. Of particular concern were the increased <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/uranium-detected-in-two-thirds-of-u-s-drinking-water/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">uranium</a> levels found within the sweet flavor category,” noted the study authors. 



“Candy-flavored e-cigarette products make up a substantial proportion of adolescent vapers, and sweet taste in e-cigarettes can suppress the harsh effects of nicotine and enhance its reinforcing effects, resulting in heightened brain cue-reactivity.”&nbsp;



“E-cigarette use during adolescence may increase the likelihood of metal exposure, which could adversely affect brain and organ development. These findings call for further research, vaping regulation, and targeted public health interventions to mitigate the potential harms of e-cigarette use, particularly among adolescents.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-vaping-health-concerns">Vaping health concerns</h2>



Vaping, often considered as a less harmful alternative to smoking cigarettes, still raises significant health concerns. The practice involves inhaling vapor from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which use a liquid that contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lung-damage">Lung damage</h3>



One major concern is that e-cigarettes can cause damage to the lungs. The inhalation of vapor can lead to conditions like e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), which has been linked to serious lung damage and even deaths.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nbsp-heart-problems-nbsp">&nbsp;Heart problems&nbsp;</h3>



Another issue is that the nicotine in e-cigarettes is highly addictive and can lead to sustained tobacco product use among younger people. It also poses other health risks such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, which could lead to cardiovascular problems.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-harmful-substances-nbsp">Harmful substances&nbsp;</h3>



In addition to the potential exposure to heavy metals, vaping is associated with potential exposure to other harmful substances like volatile organic compounds and carcinogenic chemical compounds that come from both the liquid itself and the heating elements of the devices.



Despite the potential for reduced exposure to some of the more harmful toxins present in cigarette smoke, the long-term health effects of vaping are still not fully understood, and research continues to uncover new risks. This ongoing uncertainty suggests a need for cautious evaluation before considering vaping a safe alternative to smoking.



The study is published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc-2023-058554" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tobacco Control</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-ralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Frequent vaping exposes teens to toxic metals

A new study led by the University of Nebraska Medical...

We've long understood the impact of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-health-and-diet-nutrition-helps-lower-dementia-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diet</a> on our weight, heart health, and risk of diseases like diabetes. However, a growing body of research, including a landmark study from the <a href="http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Warwick</a> emphasizes a lesser-known but equally vital connection – the profound relationship between what we eat and the health of our brains.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diet-and-brain-function">Diet and brain function</h2>



The researchers tapped into the UK Biobank, a massive database containing medical and lifestyle information from hundreds of thousands of people. The research team combined detailed food surveys with a wealth of objective health data, including:



<ul>
<li>Blood tests:&nbsp;These reveal metabolic markers that can be influenced by diet, such as cholesterol and blood sugar levels.</li>



<li>Brain scans:&nbsp;These images provide insights into brain structure and potential changes influenced by health factors like nutrition.</li>



<li>Genetic testing:&nbsp;This analyzes an individual's DNA to understand variations in genes that might affect food preferences or how the body processes certain nutrients.</li>



<li>Mental well-being assessments:&nbsp;Participants completed questionnaires designed to measure aspects of mood, anxiety, and overall mental health.</li>



<li>Cognitive tests:&nbsp;Participants took tests designed to evaluate problem-solving abilities, memory, attention, and other <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/walk-20-minutes-daily-to-boost-your-brain-power/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> functions.</li>
</ul>



By using advanced computer tools (machine learning) to analyze all this data, the researchers aimed to find reliable patterns linking <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ditch-the-diet-trends-for-a-healthier-relationship-with-food/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">dietary</a> choices to various aspects of physical and mental health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diet-impacts-mental-well-being-and-brain-structure">Diet impacts mental well-being and brain structure</h2>



The study's findings strongly suggest that eating a balanced diet plays a significant role in supporting our brains. People who made whole foods like fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and fish a priority in their diets showed several key benefits:



<ul>
<li>Improved mental health:&nbsp;These individuals were less likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. Eating a nutritious diet may influence the production of brain chemicals involved in regulating mood and managing stress.</li>



<li>Enhanced cognitive function:&nbsp;A healthy diet was linked to better scores on tests measuring problem-solving skills, memory, and attention. This suggests that the nutrients found in whole foods help support the brain's ability to process information effectively.</li>



<li>Higher volumes of gray matter:&nbsp;Gray matter is a type of brain tissue packed with nerve cells that are essential for thinking, learning, and decision-making. Those who ate a balanced diet had more gray matter, potentially impacting overall intelligence and cognitive abilities.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-importance-of-gradual-changes-in-diet">Importance of gradual changes in diet</h2>



The researchers stress that fad <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/a-healthy-diet-your-secret-weapon-against-aging-and-dementia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diets</a> or restrictive eating plans are unlikely to provide long-term benefits for brain health. Instead, they recommend focusing on creating sustainable changes that you can maintain over time. 



Small, gradual shifts, like slowly cutting back on added sugar or overly processed fats, can be impactful. This approach has a few advantages:



<ul>
<li>Reduced cravings:&nbsp;When you make gradual adjustments, your body has time to adapt, potentially reducing strong cravings for unhealthy foods.</li>



<li>Natural preference shift:&nbsp;Over time, as you introduce more whole foods, your taste buds might adjust, making healthier options seem more appealing and enjoyable.</li>



<li>Habit formation:&nbsp;Making small and consistent changes can more easily become lifelong habits than attempting drastic overhauls that depend solely on willpower, which often proves unsustainable over time.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-genetics-environment-and-socioeconomic-factors">Genetics, environment, and socioeconomic factors</h2>



The study underscores the intricate interplay between nature and nurture. While our genes can influence food preferences, access to healthy food is just as important. 



"Since dietary choices can be influenced by socioeconomic status, it's crucial to ensure that this does not hinder individuals from adopting a healthy balanced dietary profile," noted Professor Jianfeng Feng, the study's lead author.



The research highlights the potential for food policy to shape public health. Governments play a role in making nutritious options affordable and accessible to all. On a more personal level, schools and families are also crucial for instilling healthy eating habits from a young age.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-diet-brain-connection">Significance of diet brain connection</h2>



While this study provides compelling evidence about the link between nutrition and brain health, it's important to remember that this is a complex and evolving field of research. There's still much to learn. One particularly fascinating area that scientists are exploring is the role of the gut microbiome. 



Our digestive system houses trillions of bacteria, collectively known as the gut microbiome. These microbes play vital roles in digestion and immune function. Researchers are discovering that the bacteria in our gut communicate with our brains in surprising ways. 



Changes in the composition of our gut microbiome, influenced by diet, could potentially affect our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/bright-light-instantly-enhances-brain-function-alertness/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> function and even our mood.



Scientists are investigating how a healthy diet fosters a beneficial gut microbiome, which in turn could have positive implications for our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-does-the-brain-focus-with-so-many-distractions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brains</a>. This research might lead to exciting new approaches to promote mental well-being and cognitive health.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-024-00226-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Nature Mental Health</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Healthy diet linked to positive changes in brain structure

We've long understood the impact of diet on our weight,...

Ever spent ten minutes frantically searching for your phone, only to find it snug in your pocket? You're definitely not alone, and thankfully, it doesn't mean your brain is failing you. In their new book&nbsp;<a href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003391166/psychology-memory-megan-sumeracki-althea-need-kaminske" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Psychology of Memory</a>, psychologists Dr. Megan Sumeracki and Dr. Althea Need Kaminske unveil the science behind forgetting, how to boost our memory, and why those amazing memory feats you see in movies are usually fiction.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-forgetting-and-memory-working">Forgetting and memory working</h2>



Memory does not work by simply recording everything that happens to us. Instead, our brains actively reconstruct and re-shape <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forgetting-workplace-information-good/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">memories</a>. This editing process is crucial because it allows us to focus on the larger meaning and important lessons from our experiences.



If we could remember every single detail of our lives, the truly important moments might be difficult to distinguish from the mundane. This has real-world implications. For example, if you witness a minor car accident, your memory of the event might be incomplete or have some small inaccuracies. This doesn't automatically mean you're unreliable. 



Dr. Kaminske points out that it's essential for juries to understand that some degree of imperfect recall is completely normal, especially in situations that are stressful or emotionally charged.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-lost-your-keys-your-brain-may-be-doing-its-job">Lost your keys? Your brain may be doing its job</h2>



"I (Althea) spend an embarrassing amount of time looking for my phone, water bottle, and keys...our memory systems are not necessarily designed to remember where we put our phones. Or keys. Or water bottles," writes Dr. Kaminske.



Our brains are excellent at remembering information that directly helps us achieve our goals or needs. If finding water was a critical part of your daily survival, you would quickly become skilled at remembering the location of water sources. This is because your brain would prioritize that information as essential.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-types-of-memory">Types of memory</h2>



Memory is far more complex than just remembering past events like what you ate for breakfast. Our brains use different types of memory systems, each with a specific purpose:



<ul>
<li>Short-term memory:&nbsp;This acts as a temporary holding space for information. It allows you to briefly retain things like a phone number you just looked up, just long enough to dial it.</li>



<li>Long-term memory:&nbsp;This is the vast storage system of your brain. It holds everything from facts you learned in school to significant life experiences.</li>



<li>Event-based memory:&nbsp;This specialized type of memory helps you plan and carry out future actions. It reminds you of tasks like picking up dry cleaning or going to a doctor's appointment.</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-can-we-enhance-memory-to-forget-less">Can we enhance memory to forget less?</h2>



The Psychology of Memory&nbsp;dives into how our memories function, and offers real techniques to give them a boost. While turning into a memory champion with a photographic mind might be unrealistic, there's plenty we can do to get a little sharper.



Want to become a faster learner or make sure you never <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/forgetting-may-actually-be-a-form-of-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">forget</a> an anniversary again? Here are a few tips from the book:



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-retrieval-practice">Retrieval practice</h3>



This technique strengthens memory by forcing you to actively recall information. Repeatedly saying a new colleague's name reinforces the connection in your brain, making it easier to remember later. Think of it as directly strengthening the pathways to that specific bit of information.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-schema-power-nbsp">Schema power&nbsp;</h3>



This involves connecting new information to knowledge or patterns you already understand. This creates a richer network of associations in your brain, making the new information easier to store and retrieve. For example, if you're learning a new language, connect vocabulary words to similar words in your native tongue or another language you know.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-visual-tricks">Visual tricks</h3>



Our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-forgets-clean-mind-clutter/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brains</a> are quite good at processing visual information. Creating a mental image for complex presentations, or drawing simple diagrams to summarize key points, capitalizes on this ability. Visual associations can provide "hooks" within your memory to make recall easier.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-forget-the-memory-feats">Forget the memory feats</h2>



We've all seen movies with characters boasting photographic memories or the uncanny ability to memorize a deck of cards at a glance. While these things aren't impossible, they're the result of specific techniques and lots of practice – not some inborn brain superpower.



"Anyone who has studied knows that regular practice is essential. But to become an expert in a field of learning, people need to employ deliberate practice. The difference is that deliberate practice involves purposeful and deliberate attention whereas regular practice just involves repetition,” noted Dr. Sumeracki and Dr. Kaminske. 



Forgetfulness is normal, and actually a sign your <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/humans-forget-distracting-memories/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> is working efficiently. Understanding how your memory works is the first step toward improving it in ways that serve you day-to-day. So next time you lose your keys – take a deep breath, and maybe try one of those memory tricks.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Forgetting things is a natural part of the memory process

Ever spent ten minutes frantically searching for your phone, only...

Outdoors,Lifestyle,Fashion,Portrait,Of,Pretty,Smiling,Red,Hair,Girl

Ever felt instantly sharper and more alert after stepping into the sunshine? It's not just your imagination. Scientists have uncovered a direct link between bright light and how well our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/can-scientists-control-the-brain-with-light/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brains</a> perform. Turns out, hypothalamus, a tiny command center deep in the brain reacts to sunlight like a power switch.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-hypothalamus">The hypothalamus</h2>



Think of your hypothalamus as your body's internal command center. This almond-sized structure, located within the brain, plays a crucial role in regulating essential functions such as sleep, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/after-centuries-of-speculation-heres-what-really-causes-the-munchies/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hunger</a>, body temperature, and your <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/circadian-medicine-light-therapy-could-help-millions-of-heart-patients/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">circadian rhythm</a>. Interestingly, the hypothalamus contains specialized cells that are directly sensitive to light. 



Now, researchers are discovering that this light sensitivity allows the hypothalamus to act as a sophisticated control panel for how the brain responds to changing light levels, with different areas exhibiting distinct activity patterns.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impact-of-bright-light-on-the-brain">Impact of bright light on the brain</h2>



A team of scientists in Belgium wanted to see this light-brain connection in action. To do so, they embarked on an innovative study that combined brain imaging with behavioral tasks. First, they recruited a group of healthy volunteers to participate in the experiment.



Next, the researchers used a specialized type of MRI called ultra-high resolution 7 Tesla functional MRI. This cutting-edge technology provided them with incredibly detailed images of the brain, allowing them to focus specifically on activity within the tiny hypothalamus.



The twist in the study design was exposing participants to varying <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exposure-to-daylight-leads-to-better-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">light levels</a> while they were inside the MRI scanner. The scientists carefully controlled the light intensity, ranging from darkness to extremely bright illumination. 



Volunteers underwent brain scans while performing tasks. These tasks tested their memory and attention, as well as their emotional responses.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bright-light-flips-the-brain-switch">Bright light flips the brain switch</h2>



"Our results demonstrate that the human hypothalamus does not respond uniformly to varying <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/light-color-has-no-impact-on-our-internal-clocks-or-sleep-patterns/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">levels of light</a> while engaged in a cognitive challenge,” says senior author Gilles Vandewalle, a leading brain researcher. 



As the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exposure-to-light-pollution-could-increase-stroke-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">light intensity</a> increased, activity in the posterior region (the back part) of the hypothalamus ramped up – it was like a switch had been flipped within that specific area of the brain. 



But, activity in the anterior and inferior portions (the front and bottom parts) actually decreased in response to brighter light. 



It was as if different regions of this tiny command center were reacting in completely opposite ways, creating a fascinating internal push and pull.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-brain-performance-in-bright-light">Brain performance in bright light</h2>



The scientists observed a fascinating correlation. As the light intensity increased, the volunteers' performance on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/recreational-cannabis-use-protects-against-cognitive-decline/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive tasks</a>, such as those testing memory and attention, also improved. This intriguing link hinted at a potential pathway by which light exposure could enhance our thinking abilities.



According to researchers, the key might lie in the decreased activity observed in specific regions of the hypothalamus under brighter light conditions. This could indicate that certain brain cells within these regions become less engaged when light levels are high. 



This "dimming down" of activity might free up valuable resources within the hypothalamus. Imagine it like rerouting power within a city grid – by reducing activity in one area, energy becomes available to be redirected to other <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/visual-perception-speed-varies-greatly-among-humans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> regions that are crucial for those demanding cognitive tasks.



This potential "resource reallocation" triggered by light exposure could explain the observed boost in focus and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-waves-move-in-opposite-ways-to-make-memories-and-to-remember/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive</a> performance. Further research is needed to pinpoint the exact mechanisms at play, but these findings offer a tantalizing glimpse into how light might influence our brain's ability to think clearly and efficiently.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-feeling-the-light-or-not-nbsp">Feeling the light (or not)&nbsp;</h2>



The picture grew even more intricate when the researchers analyzed how participants responded to tasks designed to gauge emotional processing. Here, a different pattern emerged. When light levels increased, activity in the back part of the hypothalamus also intensified, which was associated with stronger emotional reactions from the volunteers.



This finding suggests that the hypothalamus doesn't just play a role in how we think, but also in how we feel. Light exposure seems to influence the way this tiny <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/can-you-train-your-brain-to-manage-strong-emotions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> structure processes emotions. It's possible that the hypothalamus acts like an amplifier for emotional signals, particularly when we're in bright environments. 



Think about how <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/can-you-train-your-brain-to-manage-strong-emotions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">heightened emotions</a> might have been beneficial from an evolutionary perspective – better light would have meant better visibility, and a more alert, emotionally attuned state could have provided an advantage for quick reactions to potential dangers or opportunities.



While more research is needed to fully unravel this complex relationship, it presents a fascinating avenue for exploration – could our emotional state and well-being be subtly, but directly, influenced by the level of light in our surroundings?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bright-light-as-brain-therapy">Bright light as brain therapy</h2>



"Targeted lighting for therapeutic use is an exciting prospect,” explains lead author Islay Campbell from the <a href="https://www.uliege.be" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Liège</a> in Belgium. Understanding how light changes brain activity, especially in this deep-seated command center, could be huge. 



Custom light treatments could banish <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/lighting-up-the-brain-the-power-of-play-in-child-development/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a> fog, boost focus when you need it most, and even improve mood. Researchers are already exploring how light therapy can benefit people with sleep disorders, those struggling with low mood due to lack of daylight, and even as a potential help for those with <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cognitive-stimulation-at-work-helps-prevent-memory-problems/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive decline</a>.



This research highlights how deeply intertwined our brains are with the environment around us. Something as simple as the level of light can have a profound effect on how we think and feel. 



While there's much more to learn, these findings open exciting new doors for understanding the brain and potentially developing ways to enhance our thinking and well-being, simply by harnessing the power of light.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/96576v1#x-1043435196" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">eLife</a>.



-----



Like what you read? <a href="https://www.earth.com/subscribe/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Subscribe to our newsletter</a> for engaging articles, exclusive content, and the latest updates.&nbsp;



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by <a href="https://www.earth.com/author/eralls/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Eric Ralls</a> and Earth.com.



-----

Bright light instantly enhances brain function and alertness

Ever felt instantly sharper and more alert after stepping into...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



---



By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="3upvlAaHgO-2256633-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



---



By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

[sendtonews key="3upvlAaHgO-2256633-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="LvS8v8bp9z-2564889-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

[sendtonews key="LvS8v8bp9z-2564889-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="X0f6OHYoI4-2310561-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

How does salt makes things taste better?

[sendtonews key="X0f6OHYoI4-2310561-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="JRaP49ISmm-2357509-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Santiago, Chile in South America

[sendtonews key="JRaP49ISmm-2357509-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="e4ZG0Jawp3-2374785-12187" type="single"]</div>



Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

[sendtonews key="e4ZG0Jawp3-2374785-12187" type="single"] Astronomers at Johns Hopkins University have created...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="uV9Lh2fQbV-1760058-12187" type="single"]</div>



Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

[sendtonews key="uV9Lh2fQbV-1760058-12187" type="single"] Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="qjvhBOBnY8-2426650-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

[sendtonews key="qjvhBOBnY8-2426650-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="oL4FnPTGCV-2384527-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

[sendtonews key="oL4FnPTGCV-2384527-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="0879czfG3k-1785905-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

[sendtonews key="0879czfG3k-1785905-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from NASA...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="6HyfrAJTBI-1831843-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

[sendtonews key="6HyfrAJTBI-1831843-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

Earth,Like,Exoplanet,3d,Render

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="QIoVYJqRBi-2434608-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

[sendtonews key="QIoVYJqRBi-2434608-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from NASA...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"]</div>



Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"] Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected...

Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="qARzJPSabQ-2270617-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

[sendtonews key="qARzJPSabQ-2270617-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="qas3EhyI0Y-2220951-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

[sendtonews key="qas3EhyI0Y-2220951-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="vpljfR2VBX-2560867-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

[sendtonews key="vpljfR2VBX-2560867-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="MHyhtebibJ-2200368-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

[sendtonews key="MHyhtebibJ-2200368-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from NASA...

<div class="wp-block-sendtonews-playerselector">[sendtonews key="761m2QQvR1-2035772-12187" type="single"]</div>



Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes why satellite images and measurements of our planet have become "essential to our survival, offering a new outlook of our world."&nbsp;



Rising sea levels pose one of the biggest societal threats associated with climate change. According to ESA, satellite altimeter missions such as Copernicus Sentinel-6 are essential in monitoring global and regional changes in sea level.



"Unbeknown to many, the island of Crete, Greece, plays an important role in the Copernicus satellite altimetry constellation and on an international stage," reports ESA.



"Satellite altimetry data have to be continuously monitored at the ESA’s Permanent Facility for Altimetry Calibration where different techniques have pioneered the use of transponders to provide the best measurements to validate satellite altimeters in space soon after launch."



Dr. Craig Donlon explains that, by understanding planet Earth through satellite measurements, we are able to find evidence of change.&nbsp;



Video Credit: European Space Agency&nbsp;



---



By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Satellites have become essential to our survival

[sendtonews key="761m2QQvR1-2035772-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...