Wish,To,Meet,Santa,Claus.,Merry,Christmas,And,Happy,New

Every December, colorful lights and festive tunes remind kids, and adults, that Santa Claus is on his way. Families fill their homes with decorations, children write wish lists, and a sense of anticipation hangs in the air. 



Parents have long told their kids that if they behave well, Santa will bring them just what they asked for. Until recently, few studies examined whether this belief actually influenced how kids act.



In a new project, researchers decided to see if <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/irregular-bedtimes-disrupt-the-well-being-and-behavior-of-children/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">children</a> truly become more considerate when they think Santa is watching. 



They explored whether kids act better because of the story of Santa or because of everything else going on during the holiday season. 



Professor Kapitány from the <a href="https://www.ox.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Oxford</a> led the investigation along with colleagues from <a href="https://www.durham.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Durham</a>, <a href="https://www.ed.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edinburgh</a>, and <a href="https://www.leeds.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Leeds</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-kids-santa-and-surprises">Kids, Santa, and surprises</h2>



The study tracked 533 kids between ages four and nine over three separate Christmases and visits from Santa. Families <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/kids-with-behavioral-issues-have-high-cortisol-levels-in-their-hair/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">reported on behaviors</a> like sharing, helping others, and following rules. 



Parents also described whether their kids believed in Santa and took part in festive traditions. According to the data, there was no direct link between Santa belief alone and an increase in kindness.



Instead, good behavior rose as Christmas neared when families engaged in activities such as decorating their homes, singing carols, and enjoying special treats.&nbsp;



The study noted that these experiences led to small but consistent boosts in generous and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/kindergarten-conduct-childhood-behavioral-problems-will-cost-society-later/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">respectful actions</a>. 



This shift also came with a bump in more rowdy moments, highlighting that heightened excitement can show up in many ways.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-power-of-festive-rituals">The power of festive rituals</h2>



For many families, hanging ornaments or baking Christmas cookies is more than just a fun holiday pastime. 



These rituals offer children a chance to feel a sense of togetherness and excitement that breaks up their usual routine. 



The study suggests that these shared activities have a greater <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/children-consider-their-own-past-actions-before-judging-others/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">effect on kindness</a> than the idea of being judged by a mysterious gift-giver in a red suit.



Parents often say they remind kids to be on their best behavior so Santa will reward them. Yet the findings show it’s the holiday atmosphere itself that has the strongest pull. 



One researcher described it by saying “the magic is in the time of year, so to speak, not in the claim over the supernatural big man.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-supernatural-beliefs-and-morality">Supernatural beliefs and morality</h2>



Some scholars point out that Santa is often placed on the same pedestal as other powerful beings in certain cultures. 



Parents treat him as a figure who can watch children from afar, keep track of good deeds, and decide on gifts. 



This study adds to conversations about how belief in unseen forces might shape moral choices.



Other work shows that religious ideas can sometimes bring out prosocial behavior. Hearing about rules or promises of rewards can prompt more cooperation.&nbsp;



In the case of Santa, though, the results suggest that the presence of traditions might play a bigger role in guiding kids toward friendly, generous actions.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-contrasting-philosophies-on-kids-and-santa">Contrasting philosophies on kids and Santa</h2>



Philosophers have different views on whether parents should even promote Santa’s story. 



Dr. Joseph Millum from the <a href="https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of St. Andrews</a> worries it “breaches trust,” calling Santa a “preposterous lie.” Others feel that Santa can be a healthy way to bring joy into children’s lives. 



Tom Whyman, a lecturer in philosophy at the <a href="https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Liverpool</a>, says that “kids need Santa.” 



These opinions highlight the varying attitudes people have toward a figure whose influence has become an enduring feature of holiday culture.



When parents choose whether to encourage this tale, they grapple with how it shapes their children’s sense of wonder and truth. 



Some families see Santa as <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/pretend-play-builds-the-foundation-for-learning-and-relationships/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">harmless make-believe</a>, while others wonder if creating a magical visitor might later undermine a child’s trust. 



The study reminds us that cultural myths carry weight, yet they may not fully explain shifts in children’s behavior.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-holiday-traditions">Implications for holiday traditions</h2>



The research shows that singing festive songs, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/christmas-trees-have-unique-strategies-to-survive-freezing-winters/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">placing ornaments on a tree</a>, or preparing traditional foods creates a distinct environment. That environment is linked with both extra kindness and occasional bursts of negative behavior. 



While the belief in Santa himself did not correlate directly with improved conduct, the coordinated celebration of the season proved to be more powerful.



Families can consider how these moments <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/personality-traits-are-not-strongly-inherited-from-parents/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">bring the household closer</a>. Children who help bake cookies or watch a classic Christmas movie often feel a greater sense of involvement. 



This sense of participation aligns with the study’s findings that holiday events can be a driving force behind thoughtful gestures, cooperation, and cheer.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bigger-questions-about-childhood-and-culture">Bigger questions about childhood and culture</h2>



Santa’s modern image traces back to a blend of folklore, marketing campaigns, and traditions inspired by Saint Nicholas. 



For countless children, the idea of a kindhearted figure traveling the skies in a single night is a highlight of December. 



This study encourages us to think about how such stories fit into broader questions about parenting approaches and cultural myths. 



Many communities celebrate special figures who reward the nice and ignore or punish the naughty. 



In each case, children experience stories they can hold onto, if only for a few magical years. The current research suggests that these stories may matter less than the rituals and music, but they still add color to the season.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-does-any-of-this-matter">Why does any of this matter?</h2>



Plenty of families continue to share the Santa story, watch Christmas movies, and maintain lively traditions. 



The researchers point out that more studies could explore how different cultural celebrations, and the potential <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/holiday-stress-is-higher-this-year-compared-to-2023/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">stress levels surrounding them</a>, ultimately help shape child development. 



From the outside, it might seem obvious that gatherings, songs, and decorations encourage bright and kind behavior, yet measuring these elements takes careful planning.



Some psychologists are curious about whether similar patterns show up around other holidays or special events with strong rituals.&nbsp;



The core message remains that communal practices, family bonding, and joyful anticipation often spark gentler and more considerate behavior in children. 



The Santa myth is part of that puzzle, but it may not be the only factor making kids play nicely.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-did-we-learn-about-kids-and-santa">What did we learn about kids and Santa?</h2>



The takeaway here is that Christmas is a powerful backdrop for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/many-parents-use-threats-to-discipline-children-but-its-not-effective-in-the-long-run/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shaping how children behave</a>. 



A lively household filled with festive foods, carols, and colorful decorations can steer kids toward more thoughtful choices, even if the well-known Santa story doesn’t stand alone as a motivator. 



Traditions that families share appear to matter more than the promise of presents under the tree.



These observations offer a new way to think about how myths and rituals come together to create a meaningful holiday experience.&nbsp;



Children may still look forward to Santa’s arrival each year, but the real spark for positive behavior lies in those precious moments spent enjoying the season.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://osf.io/preprints/osf/e8jm6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">OSF Pre-prints</a>.



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Does believing in Santa make kids behave better? A new study found out

Every December, colorful lights and festive tunes remind kids, and adults, that Santa Claus is on his way. Families fill their homes with decorations, children write wish lists, and a sense of anticipation hangs in the air.  Parents have long told their kids that if they behave well, Santa will bring them just what they asked for. Until recently, few studies examined whether this belief actually influenced how kids act. In a new project, researchers decided to see if children truly become more considerate when they think...

Selection,Of,Food,High,In,Sugar,,Written,Sugar

Do the foods we eat affect how young or old we feel or look? Researchers at the <a href="https://www.ucsf.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California, San Francisco</a>, have had a riveting revelation. They found a critical link between a nutrient-rich, low-sugar diet and a younger biological age at the cellular level.&nbsp;



The research was led by Dr. Dorothy Chiu, a postdoctoral scholar at the <a href="https://osher.ucsf.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UCSF Osher Center for Integrative Health</a>.&nbsp;



"The diets we examined align with existing recommendations for preventing disease and promoting health and highlight the potency of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients in particular. From a lifestyle medicine standpoint, it is empowering to see how heeding these recommendations may promote a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/true-biological-age-hidden-blood-markers-newly-identified/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">younger cellular age</a> relative to chronological age," said Dr. Chiu.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sugary-diet-and-biological-age">Sugary diet and biological age</h2>



The crux of this research aimed to see how different measures of healthy eating affected the "<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/epigenetic-dna-clocks-predict-biological-age-more-accurately/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">epigenetic clock</a>." This biochemical test can estimate both health and lifespan. The exciting discovery was, the healthier the diet, the younger the cells appeared.



However, there was also a correlation between added sugar and cellular aging. Even with a health-conscious diet, every gram of added sugar consumed was associated with an increase in the epigenetic age. The study deepens our understanding of why sugar is detrimental to health.



"We knew that high levels of added sugars are linked to worsened metabolic health and early disease, possibly more than any other dietary factor," said Professor Elissa Epel, a co-senior author of the study.



"Now we know that accelerated epigenetic aging is underlying this relationship, and this is likely one of many ways that excessive sugar intake limits healthy longevity."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-added-sugar-consumption">Added sugar consumption</h2>



The women in the study reported consuming an average of 61.5 grams of added sugar per day.&nbsp;



To put this in perspective, a bar of milk chocolate has about 25 grams of added sugar, while a 12-ounce can of cola packs about 39 grams.&nbsp;



The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that adults consume no more than 50 grams of added sugar per day.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-impact-of-diet-on-age">Impact of diet on age</h2>



The researchers thoroughly analyzed the food records of 342 women with an average age of 39. The individual diets were compared with epigenetic clock measures, which were derived from saliva samples.



The results of the analysis showed a strong correlation between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components, and a lower epigenetic age. In essence, consuming lesser added sugar led to a slow-down in biological aging.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revolutionizing-health-through-diet">Revolutionizing health through diet</h2>



Barbara Laraia, a co-senior author of the study, provided an interesting proposition.&nbsp;"Given that epigenetic patterns appear to be reversible, eliminating 10 grams of added sugar per day is akin to turning back the biological clock by 2.4 months, if sustained over time," noted Laraia.



"Focusing on foods that are high in key nutrients and low in added sugars may be a new way to motivate people to eat well for longevity."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-role-of-nutritional-education">Role of nutritional education</h2>



Understanding the complex link between diet and cellular aging requires solid nutritional education. When people are knowledgeable, they can make informed choices such as prioritizing nutrient-dense foods and avoiding processed options that are high in added sugars.



This educational approach could be crucial in changing dietary habits. It fosters a culture that values healthy eating. Ultimately, this contributes to a broader societal shift towards longevity and well-being.



Initiatives to integrate nutritional lessons into schools and community programs are essential, as they lay a foundation for lifelong healthy eating practices.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-food-age-and-the-way-forward">Food, age, and the way forward</h2>



The findings from this unique research provide valuable insights into the role of diet in influencing our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/drinking-tea-delays-biological-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">biological age</a>. Eliminating sugars from our diets can potentially roll back the years and allow us to maintain our vitality and vigor.



So, next time you reach for that sugary treat, remember, you might be stealing a little youth from your future self. Can we sustain a diet rich in necessary nutrients and low in added sugars?



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/article-abstract/2821611" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">JAMA Network Open</a>.



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Want to reverse your age? Take sugar out of your diet 

Do the foods we eat affect how young or old...

There is a prevalent myth about drinking echoing through the corridors of our society, one that suggests a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/a-single-glass-of-wine-a-night-could-lead-to-cognitive-decline/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">glass of wine</a>&nbsp;a day keeps the doctor away.&nbsp;Despite the popularity of this "conventional wisdom" on alcohol drinking, it is based on flawed scientific research - according to a recent report.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-myth-of-drinking-alcohol">Myth of drinking alcohol</h2>



Numerous studies over time have revealed an intriguing possibility. Moderate drinkers may lead longer, healthier lives (including lower risks of heart disease and other chronic ailments) compared to those who abstain. This suggests that moderate alcohol consumption could be beneficial for overall health.



The consequence of such suggestions? An unfounded belief that alcohol is somewhat of a magical health potion.



Nonetheless, several other reports have painted a less rosy picture of the effects of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/moderate-alcohol-intake-offers-no-protection-against-obesity-or-diabetes/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">moderate alcohol consumption</a>. A new analysis has illuminated why this discrepancy exists.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-questionable-research-on-drinking-alcohol">Questionable research on drinking alcohol </h2>



Researchers at the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/cisur/index.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Victoria's Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research</a>&nbsp;have identified significant design flaws in studies linking moderate drinking to health benefits.&nbsp;



The main issue with these studies lies in their focus group - older adults. These studies have failed to consider the lifetime drinking habits of these individuals.



Consequently, moderate drinkers were compared to a group of "abstainers" and "occasional drinkers" comprising older adults.&nbsp;



Some of these individuals had quit drinking or reduced their alcohol intake due to the onset of various health concerns.



These flawed comparisons have skewed the appearances, making moderate drinkers look ostensibly healthier. However, as the researchers note, appearances can be quite deceiving in this context.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revisiting-the-data">Revisiting the data</h2>



The research team reviewed 107 published studies exploring the relationship between drinking habits and longevity.&nbsp;



Following a review of the accumulated data, it seemed as if light to moderate drinkers had a 14% lower risk of dying during the study period compared to abstainers.



Things took a dramatic turn when the researchers explored further. The studies deemed "higher quality" included younger participants.



The studies differentiated between former drinkers and lifelong abstainers, revealing no connection between moderate alcohol drinking and increased longevity.



It was only the "lower quality" studies that established such a correlation. "If you look at the weakest studies, that’s where you see health benefits," noted the researchers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-myth-of-moderate-drinking-and-longevity">Myth of moderate drinking and longevity</h2>



The belief that moderate drinking can lead to a longer, healthier life isn't something new - it's an idea that has existed for decades.&nbsp;



One example is the French paradox. This theory, popularized in the 1990s, proposed that red wine was the secret behind the relatively low rates of heart disease in France, despite rich, fatty diets. This perspective of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alcohol-has-a-hidden-impact-on-heart-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">alcohol</a>&nbsp;as a health tonic still seems to be deeply ingrained in the public's imagination.



However, the stark reality is that moderate drinking likely does not prolong life. Instead, it potentially invites health risks, including an increased likelihood of certain cancers. Hence, no major health organization has ever posited a risk-free level of alcohol consumption.



"There is simply no completely ‘safe’ level of drinking," concluded lead researcher Tim Stockwell.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-social-factors-and-drinking-habits">Social factors and drinking habits</h2>



Beyond the scientific debate about the health implications of moderate drinking, it's essential to consider the social factors that shape drinking habits and perceptions. Cultural norms, peer influences, and social settings often play significant roles in how individuals approach&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/genetics-behind-different-levels-alcohol-consumption-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">alcohol consumption</a>.



Many people drink to socialize, celebrate, or relax after a long day. This makes moderate drinking seem normal. However, the pressure to fit in can cause some to drink more than they plan. This blurs the line between moderation and excess.



Studies indicate that the context of alcohol consumption affects its health impacts. For instance, social drinking can result in larger quantities consumed quickly, potentially undermining the benefits of moderate drinking.



Additionally, the impact of alcohol on mental health cannot be overlooked. While some may turn to alcohol as a means of relaxation or coping with stress, it can contribute to anxiety and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seven-healthy-lifestyle-habits-that-prevent-depression/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">depression</a>&nbsp;over time.



This cyclical relationship complicates the narrative around moderate drinking. The context and purpose behind consumption are crucial. They matter just as much as the quantity consumed.



Understanding the social aspects of drinking is crucial. It helps individuals make informed choices about their alcohol consumption. This knowledge can lead to healthier lifestyles. Moreover, prioritizing well-being over social pressures is essential.



Exploring myths about alcohol drinking needs a balanced view, looking at both science and social factors.



The study is published in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.jsad.com/doi/10.15288/jsad.23-00283" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs</a>.



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Drinking alcohol in moderation does not prolong life

There is a prevalent myth about drinking echoing through the...

Ask anyone around you - "Do you believe you have control over your actions?" The chances are high you'll hear a resounding "Yes." Most people cherish the idea that they are the architects of their destiny, exercising sovereignty over their personal decisions and their own free will.



This concept of control, commonly referred to as free will, is a fundamental premise that profoundly shapes our identity and influences how we navigate the world. 



It instills a sense of responsibility for our choices and actions, and it becomes a cornerstone of our moral and ethical frameworks.



However, what if, in reality, we're not the ones truly calling the shots? What if our decisions are influenced by <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/simulation-hypothesis-are-humans-living-in-a-simulated-world/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">factors beyond our awareness</a>?



This unsettling yet thought-provoking idea is the bold hypothesis explored in Robert Sapolsky's <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Determined-Science-Life-without-Free/dp/0525560971" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">latest book</a>, "Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will."



In it, Sapolsky delves into the intricate interplay of biology, environment, and psychology, challenging our conventional understanding of autonomy and prompting readers to reconsider the essence of human agency.



The book invites us to question the very foundations of how we perceive ourselves and our choices in an increasingly complex world.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-who-s-robert-sapolsky">Who’s Robert Sapolsky?</h2>



A neurobiologist serving <a href="https://www.stanford.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Stanford University</a>, Robert Sapolsky is no stranger to the intricate secrets of the human mind and the biological mechanisms that underpin our behavior.



With over four decades of dedicated research studying both human and primate behavior, his journey has taken him through diverse environments, from the jungles of Africa observing wild baboons to the labs of academia delving into the neurological processes that drive our actions.



Throughout his extensive career, he has explored the interplay between genetics, environment, and neurobiology, leading to a controversial revelation: we may not have control over our behavior any more than we do over a seizure or the rhythmic throb of our heartbeats.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-paradigm-shift-from-common-belief">Paradigm shift from common belief</h2>



The notion seems counter-intuitive, doesn't it? We've always been taught to believe that we control our actions, that our choices define our destinies.



However, the mind-boggling research conducted by <a href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/robert-sapolsky" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Robert Sapolsky</a>, traversing various scientific disciplines such as neuroscience, psychology, and genetics, paints a significantly different picture.



His findings suggest that everything we do, whether it's the most trivial decision or a choice that has transformative consequences, isn’t really a matter of personal choice.



Instead, our actions could be sculpted and influenced by complex neurological processes and environmental factors that operate beneath our conscious awareness, making us mere bystanders in our own lives.



Sapolsky throws down the gauntlet with a stern reality check, stating, "The world is really screwed up and made much, much more unfair by the fact that we reward people and punish people for things they have no control over. We've got no free will. Stop attributing stuff to us that isn't there."



This powerful statement challenges our long-held beliefs about moral responsibility and accountability, urging us to reconsider the implications of our choices in a world where free will may not exist in the way we’ve always imagined.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-free-will-is-handcuffed-by-genetics">Free will is handcuffed by genetics</h2>



On one end of the spectrum, we have large swathes of the population who perceive free will as an undeniable reality, believing that individuals possess the power to make choices that shape their destinies.



This perspective champions the idea that personal agency and decision-making are <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/simulation-hypothesis-are-we-living-in-a-computer-simulation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fundamental to human experience</a>.



In stark contrast, the viewpoint articulated by Sapolsky suggests that our actions are not solely a product of our own volition but rather the result of an intricate dance of genetics, environmental conditions, and neurochemistry.



This perspective posits that factors such as our genetic makeup, the circumstances of our upbringing, and even the chemical reactions occurring within our brains significantly influence our decisions and behaviors.



As a result, our failures and successes appear less like achievements or shortcomings of our own doing and more like byproducts of these external elements, challenging the notion of personal responsibility and prompting deeper reflection on the complexities of human behavior.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-closer-look-at-determined">Closer look at "Determined"</h2>



Sapolsky's new book, "Determined", builds on the solid foundation laid in his previous bestseller, "Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst".



This thought-provoking book delves deeply into the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/earth-is-a-virtual-world-and-humans-play-the-roles-of-its-characters-new-study/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">intricate and mysterious elements</a> that influence our behavior, offering readers a comprehensive exploration of the forces at play.



Sapolsky sweeps across the vast panorama of time, examining everything from the immediate moments leading up to decision-making to the centuries-old evolutionary processes that have shaped our brain and behavior.



"Determined" meticulously discusses how genetic, environmental, and social factors intertwine, collaborating to steer our actions in ways we may not even consciously recognize.



With a mix of scientific rigor and engaging storytelling, Sapolsky invites readers to reflect on the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/science-behind-predicting-and-changing-human-behavior/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">complexities of human behavior</a> and the myriad influences that guide us every day.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-reconciling-free-will-with-reality">Reconciling free will with reality</h2>



The concept of dismissing free will significantly rattles the fundamental principles of morality and justice, causing us to question the very foundation upon which our legal and ethical systems are built.



After all, if our choices and actions are not truly within our control, how can society justly hold individuals accountable for them?



This dilemma raises profound questions about responsibility and accountability. Philosopher Gregg Caruso, a faculty member at SUNY Corning, echoes Sapolsky's perspective, suggesting that recognizing our lack of control over our actions could ultimately lead to a fairer and more equitable justice system.



Caruso argues, "Who we are and what we do is ultimately the result of factors beyond our control, and because of this we are never morally responsible for our actions in the sense that would make us truly deserving of praise and blame, punishment and reward."



His vision for justice highlights the need to prevent future harm instead of just pointing fingers or handing out punishments.



By focusing on rehabilitation and exploring the root causes of behavior, Caruso supports a system that prioritizes community safety and personal growth over revenge. This approach creates a more positive environment for individuals and benefits society overall.



As we dive into these concepts, it’s clear that rethinking our justice system could lead to important insights and real change.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-great-divide-among-critics">Great divide among critics</h2>



Not everyone’s on board with Sapolsky's conclusions regarding the nature of free will and the influence of external factors on our behavior.



According to Peter U. Tse, a prominent neuroscientist at <a href="https://www.dartmouth.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Dartmouth College</a>, our brain's remarkable capacity for variable responses leaves ample room for the concept of free will, even in the face of significant external influences.



Tse argues that this variability is crucial, as it suggests that individuals can make choices that are not entirely dictated by their environment or biology.



Some critics express concern that eradicating the belief in free will could weaken personal responsibility, potentially leading to a society where accountability diminishes and anarchy could ensue.



Saul Smilansky, a noted philosopher at the <a href="https://www.haifa.ac.il/?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Haifa</a>, emphasizes the importance of finding a delicate balance between acknowledging the various influences on human behavior and maintaining a robust sense of agency and personal accountability.



He suggests that it is vital for societal cohesion that individuals feel empowered to make choices and are held responsible for those choices, as this fosters a sense of moral integrity and social order.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-interplay-of-science-and-society-in-free-will-debate">Interplay of science and society in free will debate</h2>



The debate about free will goes beyond academic discussions; it’s woven into our personal relationships, social interactions, and public policies.



This conversation raises important questions about human autonomy and moral responsibility, influencing how we see and treat each other in everyday life.



By recognizing the many factors that affect behavior -- like genetics, environment, and social context -- we can move towards a kinder, fairer society.



For example, understanding how trauma impacts brain development can help us adopt more compassionate and forgiving approaches to mental health care and crime.



When we realize that people are often shaped by their experiences, we can create policies that focus on rehabilitation instead of punishment and develop support systems that encourage healing and growth, ultimately building a more empathetic and just society for everyone.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-getting-down-to-the-heart-of-the-matter">Getting down to the heart of the matter</h2>



Sapolsky's work wraps up on a touching note of compassion. He emphasizes the importance of understanding our limits of personal control while also acknowledging the strong impact of external factors on our lives.



"It's not about letting people off the hook; it's about recognizing the shared humanity that connects us all," he concludes, which underscores the need for empathy, especially during tough times.



As we explore the complexities of the brain and what drives human behavior, the debate over free will keeps challenging our traditional views.



This ongoing discussion pushes us to rethink our judgments and encourages a kinder approach toward others, helping us better understand the many influences that shape our choices and actions.



In a time when we're gaining more scientific insights into behavior, the conversation around free will is a crucial way to evaluate how we interact with each other and our society.



The LA Times contributed to this report.



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"Humans don't have free will," according to decades of research by Stanford scientist

Ask anyone around you - "Do you believe you have...

Ever hit a wall with your fitness routine, feeling it's not quite filling your needs? Or are you among those who wheel their carts down the supermarket aisles, clueless about meal planning for your dietary needs? The good news is, artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform the way that we approach health and fitness.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-s-role-in-different-fields">AI's role in different fields</h2>



AI is changing the rules of the game in health and fitness. The central premise of AI lies in computer systems performing tasks that usually require human intelligence.



Think learning, reasoning, decision-making -- the whole nine yards. AI scans enormous amounts of data, identifies patterns, and makes intelligent decisions based on these findings.



Traditional health and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cardiorespiratory-fitness-cuts-early-death-risks-by-53-percent/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fitness methods</a> often adopt a generic approach, a square peg for all round holes. But AI flips this on its head, providing custom-fit solutions tailored to individual needs, preferences, and goals. 



The result? Fitness routines that hit the spot, keeping it exciting and productive.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-as-a-workout-buddy-and-personal-trainer">AI as a workout buddy and personal trainer</h2>



Sure, an exercise partner can be a fantastic motivator. They can push you to go that extra mile and hold you accountable for your fitness goals. 



However, some of us find tranquility and focus in a solo jog, where we can listen to our thoughts or enjoy a podcast.



AI offers a solution to this dilemma. Virtual trainers have your back, ensuring your planks and sprints are up to the mark with real-time feedback and personalized routines. They can adapt to your progress, offering tailored advice that evolves with your fitness level.



The age of expert fitness guidance for everyone is here, thanks to these digital comrades, making high-quality training accessible anytime, anywhere.



Much like when choosing a human personal trainer, quality is key. Fortunately, high quality options are already out there. 



If you’re on an iPhone, <a href="https://fitnessai-w2a.onelink.me/nwoz/em3xjt4n" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">FitnessAI gives you the power of a personal trainer</a> in your pocket for a fraction of the cost. 



Android users fear not, <a href="https://www.bodbot.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BodBot</a> and <a href="https://www.future.co/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Future</a> are good options too.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-for-health-metrics">AI for health metrics</h2>



AI serves beyond your workout needs; it's an all-day health sentinel. AI-enabled wearables like smartwatches and fitness trackers keep an eagle eye on your health metrics, tracking everything from your pulse to your sleep quality.



They can monitor your heart rate during intense exercises. They analyze your daily activity levels and can even detect irregularities in your heartbeat.



These devices offer insights into your sleep patterns, helping you understand and improve your sleep quality.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-predictive-analysis-with-ai">Predictive analysis with AI</h2>



One ace that AI holds up its sleeve is predictive health analysis. Picture a crystal ball that can spot potential health issues before they escalate.



AI's data analysis plays this role, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/ai-can-alert-doctors-when-patients-might-get-sicker/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">predicting health problems</a> like diabetes, heart disease, or sleep disorders.



AI continuously monitors health metrics. It analyzes patterns in large datasets that allows it to identify subtle signs of impending issues. These signs might go unnoticed by human eyes.



So, early detection? Check. Timely intervention? Check.



This not only helps in managing diseases more effectively but also in tailoring personalized healthcare plans, ultimately improving patient outcomes and enhancing quality of life.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-diet-and-nutrition-with-ai-help">Diet and nutrition with AI help</h2>



Crave a personal nutritionist but can't stomach the cost? AI bridges this gap with personalized nutrition plans. Based on your dietary needs, preferences, and health goals, AI brews up tailor-made meal plans just for you.



These plans take into account a variety of factors such as allergies, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/healthy-diet-positively-influences-the-brains-structure/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">nutritional deficiencies</a>, and even your daily activity level.



With these AI-assisted apps, you can easily track your meals. They provide recommendations for healthier food choices. You can even receive reminders to stay hydrated.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-for-mental-health-care">AI for mental health care</h2>



The connection between stress management and overall health is rock solid. Chronic stress can lead to numerous health issues, including heart disease, diabetes, and mental health disorders.



From custom meditation plans that guide you through calming exercises, to virtual therapists that offer 24/7 support, AI provides a wealth of resources. These tools are invaluable for those battling stress or mental health challenges.



These advanced tools help individuals develop <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/powerful-ai-algorithm-can-predict-a-persons-attitude-towards-vaccines/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">coping strategies</a>, track their progress, and ultimately improve their well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-community-engagement">Community engagement</h2>



Fitness, though often a solo journey, thrives on community and support. AI steps in here, connecting folks with fellow fitness enthusiasts through online platforms and social media.



These AI-crafted connections foster a sense of belonging and motivation, encouraging individuals to share triumphs, trials, and tips. The result? A fortified commitment to health and well-being.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-ai-s-expanding-role-in-fitness-and-health">AI’s expanding role in fitness and health</h2>



The role of AI in the fitness landscape is set for a growth spurt. Future promises include virtual reality workouts and augmented reality coaching, all set to revolutionize our fitness experiences. 



With AI's continued integration, we can anticipate a more personalized approach to health management, making fitness more accessible, enjoyable, and long-lasting for all.



AI dons many hats - a personal fitness trainer, health monitor, diet strategist, and mental health ally. As we stride into the future, welcoming us is the prospect of better health and contentment. 



AI continues to evolve and integrate further into our healthcare systems. So, are you ready to let AI navigate you towards a healthier life?



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How AI is changing the way we approach health and fitness

Ever hit a wall with your fitness routine, feeling it's...

Have you ever wondered if the answer to hair loss could be as simple as a sugar cube? Well, you might not be too far off. 



A recent study has revealed that a specific sugar compound, known as 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR), may hold the key to treating male pattern baldness or androgenic alopecia as it's scientifically referred to.



Now, that's sweet news for the millions of men around the world affected by this <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/new-anti-aging-drug-interleukin-11-boosts-lifespan-prevents-cancer-gray-hair/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">common condition</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-2ddr-sugar-vs-male-baldness">2dDR sugar vs. male baldness</h2>



This surprising discovery comes from the dedicated efforts of Professor Sheila MacNeil, Emeritus Professor of Tissue Engineering at the <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Sheffield</a>, and her team of international scientists from <a href="https://www.comsats.edu.pk" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">COMSATS University</a> in Pakistan.



Their joint research has brought this naturally occurring sugar into the spotlight, thanks to its ability to promote angiogenesis - the growth of new blood vessels.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-2ddr-sugar-works">How the 2dDR sugar works</h2>



2dDR isn't your run-of-the-mill table sugar; it's a molecule that has a profound role in various biological processes in both animals and humans.



When applied to the skin of bald mice, the researchers noted a substantial regrowth of hair. Interestingly, this was akin to the effects seen with minoxidil, one of the only two FDA-approved drugs for treating baldness.



"Male pattern baldness is such a common condition, affecting men all over the world", says Professor MacNeil. 



"Our research suggests that the answer to treating hair loss might be as simple as using a naturally occurring deoxy ribose sugar to boost the blood supply to the hair follicles to encourage hair growth."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sweet-side-of-science">Sweet side of science</h2>



We're all aware of the crucial role hair follicles play in producing hair. These tiny skin organs require a robust blood supply to perform their function correctly. 



By encouraging the formation of new blood vessels around these follicles, the sugar compound creates an environment conducive to hair growth, prolonging the active growth phase of the hair cycle in baldness. 



This method directly contrasts with existing treatments like minoxidil and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/finasteride-regrows-hair-heals-prostate-boosts-heart-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">finasteride</a>, which work by widening blood vessels or blocking hormones involved in hair loss.



The researchers stumbled upon 2dDR's potential while studying how the sugar could aid wound healing through the formation of new blood vessels.



They observed accelerated hair growth around the healing wounds when compared to untreated areas. This realization spurred them to explore 2dDR's potential for hair loss treatment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-2ddr-sugar-compound-for-baldness">2dDR sugar compound for baldness</h2>



While the results are indeed promising, it's crucial to remember this study was conducted on mice. Human trials still need to be undertaken to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of 2dDR for hair regrowth in people. 



Nevertheless, the researchers are hopeful about this sugar compound's potential to offer a fresh approach to treating hair loss.



"This pro-angiogenic deoxy ribose sugar is naturally occurring, inexpensive and stable", notes Muhammed Yar, an associate professor at COMSATS University Pakistan. "This makes it an attractive candidate to explore further for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/finally-a-cure-for-baldness-scientists-regrow-hair-using-stem-cells/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">treatment of hair loss</a> in men."



Should these studies stand the test of further experiments, 2dDR could provide a unique option for struggling men worldwide, offering hope for an effective solution potentially free from the side effects associated with current treatments.



"The research we have done is very much early stage, but the results are promising and warrant further investigation", adds MacNeil. "This could offer another approach to treating this condition which can affect men's self-image and confidence."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-new-chapter-in-baldness-treatment">New chapter in baldness treatment</h2>



This study indeed opens up fresh avenues for hair loss treatment. The advantages of 2dDR, if it can be established in humans, are many. It could be as effective as minoxidil but with potentially less side effects. 



Its mechanism to promote blood vessel growth stands distinct from existing treatments, which could make it beneficial for individuals who do not respond to existing options. 



As it is naturally occurring, it may prove safer and more tolerable. Additionally, the affordability and stability of the sugar compound might make it more accessible than current baldness <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/fat-injection-therapy-offers-hope-for-reversing-baldness/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">treatments</a>.



However, a good deal more research is necessary to fully understand 2dDR’s potential as a hair loss treatment. The next crucial step is human trials to determine its effectiveness and safety.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1370833/full">Frontiers in Pharmacology</a>.



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Reversing male baldness is closer to reality with natural new treatment

Have you ever wondered if the answer to hair loss...

Have you ever wondered about the cooking methods of Neanderthals, our sturdy, ancient relatives? Specifically, how they managed to feast on birds -- a fare far removed from their infamous big-game hunting repertoire? 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-neanderthal-food-processing">Neanderthal food processing</h2>



The guide on this prehistoric gastronomical tour is Dr. Mariana Nabais of the <a href="https://www.iphes.cat" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social</a> in Spain, lead author of this intriguing study.



Dr. Nabais offers an enlightening perspective on the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/study-provides-insights-into-the-lives-of-neanderthals/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">nuanced world of Neanderthal</a> food processing and cooking.



“Using a flint flake for butchering required significant precision and effort, which we had not fully valued before this experiment. The flakes were sharper than we initially thought, requiring careful handling to make precise cuts without injuring our own fingers," Dr. Nabais explained.



"These hands-on experiments emphasized the practical challenges involved in Neanderthal food processing and cooking, providing a tangible connection to their daily life and survival strategies.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-bird-cuisine-and-neanderthals-cooking">Bird cuisine and Neanderthals cooking</h2>



Despite the well-known big-game hunting <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/neanderthals-and-humans-had-multiple-waves-of-contact/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">practices of Neanderthals</a>, their taste for winged meals remains a facet under a shroud of mystery.



However, thanks to recent discoveries and new techniques, we are now able to delve into the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/neanderthals-and-humans-lived-side-by-side-45000-years-ago/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">secrets of prehistoric</a> bird hunting and butchering methods.



Scientists embarked on a culinary journey into the past, replicating the cooking methods that our Neanderthal ancestors might have used. 



This resulted in an experimental database, providing key insights when compared with actual archaeological sites.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-neanderthals-cooking-nbsp">Neanderthals cooking&nbsp;</h2>



For their experiment, the scientists chose five birds similar to the prehistoric species that the Neanderthals hunted. 



Armed with archaeological evidence and ethnographic data, they brought these ancient culinary arts back to life.



After defrocking the birds, they roasted three over hot coals, and butchered two raw using a flint flake.&nbsp;



“Roasting the birds over the coals required maintaining a consistent temperature and carefully monitoring the cooking duration to avoid overcooking the meat,” Dr. Nabais explains.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-clues-from-the-past">Clues from the Past</h2>



Upon inspection, the scientists discovered intriguing traces of their prehistoric cooking experiment. The raw birds processed with the flint flake offered considerable evidence, including half-moon scars on the tool’s edge and cut marks on the bones.



Roasting turned out to be a double-edged sword. Although it made the meat more accessible, it also increased the brittleness of the bones, leading to their breakage and subsequent loss from the archaeological record.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-neanderthal-cooking-diversity">Neanderthal cooking diversity</h2>



The findings from this culinary experiment suggest that the Neanderthal diet was far more diverse than previously assumed.&nbsp;



They didn't solely rely on large mammals; instead, they incorporated a variety of birds into their meals, which indicates adaptability and a more intricate understanding of their environment.&nbsp;



Birds provided not only a source of protein but also essential nutrients that were critical for survival. This dietary flexibility may have allowed Neanderthals to thrive in diverse habitats, showcasing their resourcefulness in the face of changing climates and landscapes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-modern-cooking">Implications for modern cooking</h2>



The implications of these ancient butchering methods extend beyond historical curiosity; they resonate with contemporary cooking practices.&nbsp;



Learning about the precision required in flint flaking and the careful roasting techniques used by Neanderthals can inspire modern chefs to appreciate traditional methods of food preparation.&nbsp;



By reconnecting with these fundamental skills, we can cultivate a deeper appreciation for the food we consume and the efforts that go into sourcing and preparing it.&nbsp;



Emphasizing a return to simpler, more intentional cooking methods provides not only a culinary challenge but also a meaningful way to honor our ancient ancestors.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-directions">Future Directions</h2>



While this pilot study provides a fascinating look into the diet of Neanderthals, there's plenty more to unearth.&nbsp;



"Further research with larger samples, varied species, and more diverse experimental conditions is necessary to expand upon these results,” Dr. Nabais notes.



As we continue to explore Neanderthal dietary practices, integrating innovative technologies with archaeological methodologies could reveal even more about their culinary heritage. 



This could lead to a deeper understanding of their survival strategies and cultural practices.



The study is published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-archaeology/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1411853/full" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology</a>.



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Eat like a Neanderthal: Unpacking ancient cooking methods

Have you ever wondered about the cooking methods of Neanderthals,...

Isn't it bizarre how many times we've been told that a glass of wine a day keeps the doctor away? Or some variation of that claim on benefits of moderate drinking. 



Well, a new research has come to light, and it might alter the way you perceive that glass of Cabernet Sauvignon or pint of IPA in your hand.



The report is shaking up the conventional wisdom we've heard for years--that moderate drinking could extend lives and decrease our chances of chronic diseases. 



Steering this riveting ship of discovery is lead researcher Tim Stockwell, Ph.D., a scientist affiliated with the <a href="https://www.uvic.ca/research/centres/cisur/index.php" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research</a> at the University of Victoria.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-past-studies-on-moderate-drinking">Past studies on moderate drinking</h2>



Stockwell and his team argue that there are underlying flaws in the way previous researches have been designed. 



They believe that the studies' focus on older adults without considering their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alcohol-has-a-hidden-impact-on-heart-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">lifetime drinking habits</a> led to skewed results.



"Think about this for a second. When these studies compare moderate drinkers with abstainers, many of the abstainers are older adults who have quit or reduced their drinking due to health conditions," Stockwell remarked. 



"This situation makes the continued drinkers appear healthier, but it's a rigged comparison. It's like comparing apples with oranges."



In other words, things are not what they seem when it comes to these studies.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-truth-about-alcohol-consumption">Truth about alcohol consumption</h2>



For this analysis, Stockwell and his team examined 107 published studies that followed individuals over time and explored the relationship between drinking habits and lifespan.



A quick look at the data suggested something that might ring a bell: moderate drinkers (those who drank between one drink per week and two per day) had a 14% lower risk of dying during the study period compared to abstainers. However, a closer examination of the studies told a different story.



Stockwell pointed out that the "higher quality" studies - those that considered younger participants and ensured a clear distinction between former drinkers and lifelong abstainers - showed no link between moderate drinking and longer lives.



The illusion of health benefits came only from the "lower quality" studies. Stockwell quipped, "If you look at the weakest studies, that's where you see supposed health benefits."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-paradox-of-perception">Paradox of perception</h2>



In our social constructs, drinking often takes on an additional layer of meaning, transformed into a communal activity that fosters connection. Yet, this context can also mask the true implications of alcohol consumption on health. 



Many individuals justify their drinking habits with social norms, failing to recognize the potential harm. 



Stockwell's research underscores the importance of examining how societal attitudes towards drinking can buoy the perception of its health benefits, leading to an environment where moderation may not be as beneficial as previously thought. 



We need to reassess not just our protocols for studying alcohol but also the culture around it.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-public-awareness-on-moderate-drinking">Public awareness on moderate drinking</h2>



Given these revelations, there is an urgent need for public health campaigns to rethink their messaging about alcohol consumption. 



Instead of perpetuating the myth that moderate drinking has health benefits, stakeholders should emphasize the risks tied to alcohol and encourage a more informed dialogue around healthy lifestyles. 



By promoting comprehensive education on the potential dangers of drinking, the goal should be to empower individuals to make more educated choices regarding their alcohol consumption. 



It’s time to break away from outdated perceptions and embrace a modern understanding of alcohol’s role in our health, fostering a culture of awareness rather than <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/are-zero-alcohol-drinks-a-type-of-gateway-drug-for-teens/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">complacency</a>.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-busting-myths">Busting myths</h2>



One myth that Stockwell wants to debunk is the decades-old belief in the "French Paradox." This notion suggests that red wine explains why French people have significantly lower rates of heart disease despite having a diet high in fats. 



It's a compelling story, but Stockwell argues that the concept is a mere figment of the public imagination.



According to Stockwell, moderate drinking likely doesn't extend our lives. In fact, it can bring along a suitcase of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alcohol-consumption-can-lead-to-chronic-pain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">health risks</a>, such as increased chances of developing certain cancers.



"There is simply no completely 'safe' level of drinking," Stockwell stressed.



So, the next time you hear that familiar saying about a glass of wine a day, remember: <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heart-benefits-of-moderate-drinking-may-be-hidden-in-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">what the doctor ordered</a> has been reconsidered. 



New evidence prompts us to reassess our drinking habits and encourages us towards a more informed and healthier future, even if it's with a little less wining and dining. Cheers to that!



The study is published in the <a href="https://www.jsad.com/doi/10.15288/jsad.23-00283" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs</a>. 



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Even moderate drinking severely harms health, despite past studies

Isn't it bizarre how many times we've been told that...

<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/lack-of-sexual-satisfaction-linked-to-rapid-memory-decline/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Memory loss</a> and attention deficit are common complaints among those who have recovered from severe COVID-19. However, a new study from the <a href="https://www.fearp.usp.br/en/index.php/where-we-are/university-of-sao-paulo" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of São Paulo</a> (USP) in Brazil reveals that even individuals with mild COVID cases can experience cognitive impairments more than 18 months after infection. 



This finding underscores the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation for <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/abzymes-new-discovery-cause-long-covid-symptoms/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">long COVID</a> sufferers.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-covid-infection-and-cognitive-impairment-nbsp">COVID infection and cognitive impairment&nbsp;</h2>



The study, published in the journal <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01740-7" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BMC Psychology</a>, collected data from 302 volunteers and found cognitive impairment in 11.7 percent of mild cases, 39.2 percent of moderate cases, and 48.9 percent of severe cases. These results highlight the significant impact of neuroinflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2.



“Although the damage done by the disease in terms of memory loss, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/information-overflow-attention-spans/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">attention</a> deficit, and slow processing increases in proportion to its severity, the same problems affect a far from negligible number of people – around 100 in our study – who had mild or moderate <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/men-infected-with-even-mild-covid-cases-experience-long-term-decline-in-semen-quality/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">COVID</a>,” explained Antônio de Pádua Serafim, the study’s first author and a professor at the Institute of Psychology (IP-USP).



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-memory-and-attention-impairments-nbsp">Memory and attention impairments&nbsp;</h2>



The results of the study emphasize the potential impact of neuroinflammation due to COVID-19 infection. Memory and attention impairments are not limited to those who were intubated or received intensive care.&nbsp;



“Some of the data analyzed in the study were from patients who didn’t require intensive care or didn’t even have sufficient symptoms to be hospitalized and nevertheless exhibited memory loss and attention deficit,” Serafim noted. “The findings therefore opened our eyes to the question of neuroinflammation due to COVID-19.”



Attention and memory are crucial <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/psychedelic-drugs-secreted-from-toad-skin-greatly-improve-cognitive-functioning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cognitive functions</a> that significantly affect daily life. Participants with poor memory and attention test scores reported difficulties recalling words or performing routine activities, such as forgetting pots on the stove or failing to pick up children from school. 



“Attention is the primary function in all mental activity, and this explains why attention deficit has such a huge impact on people’s daily lives. Impairment of attention in turn affects memory. This also affects processing activity, which involves rapid decision-making based on information,” Serafim explained.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-addressing-impairments-in-covid-recovery-nbsp">Addressing impairments in COVID recovery&nbsp;</h2>



The study, funded by the <a href="https://fapesp.br/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">São Paulo Research Foundation</a> (FAPESP), points to the importance of addressing cognitive impairments in COVID-19 recovery. Serafim and his colleagues at USP are developing programs to mitigate these cognitive losses. 



They are exploring non-invasive techniques like neurostimulation and neurofeedback to enhance brain function through neuromodulation, which stimulates synaptic connections.&nbsp;



“We have only case studies so far. For example, in the case of a physician who was in the intensive care unit for 34 days, we conducted a neurofeedback protocol often used to study patients with attention deficit disorder, and he made a good recovery. But that was an isolated case,” Serafim said.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-emotional-and-cognitive-difficulties-persist-nbsp">Emotional and cognitive difficulties persist&nbsp;</h2>



Despite the end of the severe phase of the pandemic, the cognitive sequelae persist. Serafim emphasized the need for effective intervention programs to address both emotional and cognitive difficulties resulting from COVID-19.&nbsp;



Serafim said that based on the knowledge his team has acquired so far regarding cognitive stimulation and rehabilitation techniques, he believes it may be possible to obtain an improvement in neural connectivity by means of brain training to stimulate overall cognitive ability.



“Many people were infected, and many have sequelae of this kind. However, we don’t have an effective program to intervene not only in the emotional aspects but also in the cognitive difficulties resulting from COVID-19,” said Serafim.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rehabilitation-programs-are-needed">Rehabilitation programs are needed</h2>



The researchers noted that the findings provide empirical evidence regarding cognitive effects post-COVID-19, particularly in individuals experiencing severe disease manifestations.&nbsp;



“Moreover, our study has demonstrated the presence of cognitive difficulties in individuals infected with mild and moderate symptoms, emphasizing the intricate nature of factors associated with COVID-19, as underscored in the existing literature.”&nbsp;



The experts said they have also highlighted the need for a comprehensive, multidimensional approach in rehabilitation programs to address the enduring cognitive impacts of COVID-19.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-">-----</h3>



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<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h--0">-----</h3>

Even mild COVID can cause prolonged cognitive impairment

Memory loss and attention deficit are common complaints among those...

Who hasn't cursed at their alarm clock when it’s time to "spring forward" and lose an hour of precious sleep? We all do it, but have you ever stopped to wonder what impact daylight saving time change may have on your lifestyle - particularly your <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/daylight-saving-time-has-little-influence-on-heart-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">health</a>?



A team of researchers from North Carolina (<a href="https://www.ncsu.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">NC</a>) State University, <a href="https://umanitoba.ca" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Manitoba</a>, <a href="https://www.bfh.ch/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Bern University of Applied Sciences</a>, <a href="https://sc.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of South Carolina</a>, and California Baptist University (<a href="https://calbaptist.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CBU</a>) decided to take a closer look.



The aim of their study, aptly titled “Spring Forward = Fall Back? The Effect of Daylight Saving Time Change on Consumers’ Unhealthy Behavior,” was to determine whether the onset of daylight saving triggers consumers to engage in unhealthy behaviors. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-daylight-saving-a-blessing-or-a-curse">Daylight saving - A blessing or a curse?</h2>



Most of us in the United States change our clocks twice a year. That transition "springing forward" certainly gets a fair share of grumbling with the loss of an hour of sleep. It seems the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/irregular-sleep-cycles-linked-to-greater-diabetes-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">loss of sleep</a> could be just the tip of the iceberg.



This study utilized two unique disaggregate level datasets to capture consumer behavior regarding snack consumption and fitness center visits. 



The team compared calorie consumption from packaged snacks and visits to fitness centers across two sets of customers: those affected by the onset of daylight saving time and those unaffected. The results were quite enlightening.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-bitter-truth-about-sweet-cravings">The bitter truth about sweet cravings</h2>



The research showed that calorie consumption from mainly unhealthy snacks increases <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/daylight-saving-time-disrupts-diet-and-exercise/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">after the time change</a>. On top of that, visits to fitness centers decline.



This effect is amplified during the evening hours and on cloudy days. It appears the lack of sleep caused by that one-hour setback begins to take a toll on our self-control, leading to less healthy consumption behavior.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-what-about-falling-back">What about falling back?</h2>



You'd think that gaining an extra hour of sleep when we transition from daylight saving time to standard time (during fall) might have a positive effect on eating habits. 



Interestingly, the study found that the fall transition had no effect on calories consumed from unhealthy snacks.



These findings make a strong case for policymakers to consider ending the biannual time changes. From a consumer well-being perspective, the researchers suggest that public health campaigns promoting healthy eating and exercise might be particularly necessary around the time change.



For consumers, the findings are a call to action. We need to emphasize self-control strategies, like avoiding stocking up on unhealthy snacks before the time change. 



Fitness center members might find it beneficial to plan activities close to the center to reduce the effort required to visit it following the time change. Those of us who are susceptible to self-control failures might benefit from seeking support from peers and platforms incentivizing healthy behavior.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-technology-in-various-industries">Technology in various industries</h2>



“Our study indicates that the onset of daylight saving time is an obstacle to consumers’ health goals, suggesting that policy makers should continue trying to end the time changes. Further, from a consumer well-being perspective, public health campaigns promoting healthy eating and exercise might be especially necessary around the time change,” noted the researchers.



Novel technologies, such as smart circadian lighting systems, might help consumers reset their circadian clocks less disruptively. Apps designed to reduce jet lag for travelers can also be used to minimize the effect of the time change.



For firms in health-related industries, these insights can be utilized to anticipate demand and serve their customers better around the onset of daylight saving time. 



For instance, fitness centers could offer promotions like free coffee or competitions to counter consumers' tendency to skip exercising after the time change.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-adapting-to-daylight-saving-time">Adapting to daylight saving time</h2>



As the clock springs forward, why not embrace some smart strategies to adapt smoothly to the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/changing-sleep-patterns-reveal-insights-about-your-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">new schedule</a>?



Start by gradually adjusting your sleep patterns a few days before the switch to ease the shock to your circadian rhythm. 



Once the change kicks in, stay ahead of cravings by focusing on hydration and nutrient-dense foods. Plus, committing to an <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/resistance-exercise-in-the-evening-can-improve-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">exercise routine</a>, even a brisk walk, can boost your mood and energy.



While the debate on whether to keep or abolish daylight saving continues, what’s clear is that we need to be mindful of our health around these time changes. So, the next time the clocks spring forward, perhaps think twice before reaching for that bag of chips.



The study is published in the <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00222429241256570" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Journal of Marketing</a>. 



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Daylight saving time causes unhealthy lifestyle choices

Who hasn't cursed at their alarm clock when it’s time...

Alcohol has long been associated with social gatherings, celebrations, and moments of relaxation, but its impact on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/alcohol-is-riskier-to-the-heart-than-previously-thought/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">heart health</a> is often overlooked and underestimated.



If you’ve ever found your heart pounding in your chest after a night of intense partying, you might have just shrugged it off as a typical <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/no-more-alcohol-hangovers-thanks-to-new-medicine/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hangover</a> symptom, assuming it to be a temporary discomfort.



However, recent animal research studies have unveiled a far more significant and concerning connection between alcohol and heart health.



These insights could fundamentally alter the way we perceive our favorite intoxicant and prompt us to reconsider our drinking habits.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-holiday-heart-syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</h2>



Globally, binge drinking is rampant. This term is defined as consuming five drinks within two hours for men, and four drinks within two hours for women. 



Interestingly, a surge in atrial fibrillation (AFib), the most common type of irregular heart rhythm, has also been observed. These episodes of AFib often coincide with periods of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/heavy-drinking-increases-the-buildup-of-ectopic-fat-around-the-heart-and-liver/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">heavy drinking</a>. This correlation is so common that it has been aptly named "holiday heart syndrome."



Saugat Khanal is a postdoctoral scholar in the department of physiology &amp; cell biology at <a href="https://medicine.osu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Ohio State University College of Medicine</a> in Columbus.



“Around the holidays, opportunities for celebration – often accompanied by heavy drinking – occur during a brief period of time. Unfortunately, this sometimes sends revelers, even those with no previous heart condition, to the hospital with a racing or abnormally beating heart,” said Khanal.



“Our study in mice explored the mechanism of alcohol-induced arrhythmia and a possible way to prevent it in the future.”



Binge drinkers, even without any pre-existing heart conditions, often find themselves admitted to the hospital with irregular heartbeats. Heavy drinking provokes this condition due to the stress-induced protein called JNK2 as studies found out.



Under the influence of alcohol, the heart cells mismanage calcium, causing the heart to beat too fast or irregularly.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-possible-beacon-of-hope-for-binge-drinkers">Possible beacon of hope for binge drinkers</h2>



These preliminary studies are now giving us a solution to this worrisome trend. An agent known as Alda-1 has shown promise in preventing the activation of JNK2 that leads to AFib. 



During the study, mice subjected to alcohol mimicking binge drinking were divided into different groups. One of these groups was given Alda-1.



The results were astounding. More than 70% of the mice replicating binge drinking developed AFib, while none of those who received Alda-1 showed any sign of AFib.



The levels of JNK2 activity doubled in the alcohol group, which increased the susceptibility to AFib. Conversely, in the Alda-1 group, both the JNK2 enzyme activity and calcium handling remained normal in the heart cells.



“Abstinence from alcohol can prevent most alcohol-associated AFib risks. Unfortunately, despite nationwide education efforts, binge drinking among all age groups continues to rise. Our findings suggest that developing new drugs, including Alda-1 and other JNK2-specific inhibitors, may be an effective anti-AFib strategy for people with holiday heart syndrome,” said Khanal.



Although promising, these findings are currently limited in scope. The experiment was conducted on mice, which may not fully represent the complexities of human physiology and binge drinking's cardiovascular impacts. 



“Studies using larger animals will be a future direction to translate our exciting findings into clinical applications,” noted Khanal.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-alcohol-estrogen-and-heart-health-in-women">Alcohol, estrogen, and heart health in women</h2>



On the other spectrum, alcohol seems to unfavorably influence heart function in women taking estrogen replacement.



Syed Anees Ahmed is a postdoctoral researcher in pharmacology and toxicology at the <a href="https://medicine.ecu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University</a> in Greenville, North Carolina.



“It was surprising to see the significant impact estrogen had on alcohol-induced heart dysfunction, despite its known cardioprotective effects. Premenopausal and menopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy should be cautious about alcohol consumption because it may be a factor in heart dysfunction,” said Ahmeed.



In a study involving female rats, regular alcohol exposure showed differing effects on rats that received hormones to replenish their estrogen supply and those that did not. 



Intriguingly, alcohol seemed to disrupt clock proteins, known regulators of heart function. This disruption led to increased oxidative stress, which can trigger plaque build-up in arteries, and ferroptosis, a type of cell death resulting from excessive iron accumulated in the heart cells.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-binge-drinking">Rethinking binge drinking</h2>



These findings are a call to rethink binge drinking practices, especially during holiday periods. 



Additionally, women undergoing hormonal replacement therapy or higher levels of estrogen should exercise caution when consuming alcohol.



However, it's essential to remember that these studies were conducted on animal models. Therefore, they might not fully exhibit the long-term effects of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/genetics-behind-different-levels-alcohol-consumption-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">alcohol consumption</a> on the human heart. 



Nonetheless, the American Heart Association advises moderation in alcohol consumption to maintain optimal <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/a-century-of-progress-in-the-fight-against-cardiovascular-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cardiovascular health</a>.



The key takeaway from these studies is clear: while moderate consumption might be permissible, binge drinking is a lurking danger for our hearts. 



Awareness and self-restraint might just be the difference between a night of fun and a trip to the hospital.



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Alcohol has a hidden impact on heart health

Alcohol has long been associated with social gatherings, celebrations, and...

Scientists have identified the Western diet as a major contributor to the rise in colon cancer cases. Furthermore, an extensive review of 176 past studies has confirmed a significant correlation between diet and colon cancer.



This comprehensive review is hailed as a significant milestone, providing "tangible data" on the connection between diet, the gut microbiome, and overall health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-western-diet-and-its-role-in-colon-cancer">Western diet and its role in colon cancer</h2>



Scientists have identified the Western diet as a prime culprit in the rise of colon cancer cases. Rich in sugar, saturated fat, and processed foods, this diet poses the highest risk for developing colon cancer.



Simultaneously, the Western diet leads to decreased <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/gut-bacteria-linked-to-younger-colon-cancer-patients/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gut bacteria</a> diversity, particularly promoting the proliferation of Bacteroides species, which are linked to obesity. Notoriously low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, this diet also causes difficulty in breaking down fiber.



Moreover, the Western diet results in a deficit of bacteria species that produce short-chain fatty acids, which are essential for reducing gut inflammation. Chronic inflammation can lead to devastating mutations in cells, increasing their likelihood of becoming cancerous.



Additionally, ultra-processed foods like pizza, chips, and donuts trigger high inflammation levels, further escalating health risks.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-green-mediterranean-diet">The green Mediterranean diet</h2>



By contrast, the green <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mediterranean-diet-can-lead-to-longer-life/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Mediterranean diet</a>, abundant in fruits, vegetables, olive oil, green tea, and protein-rich aquatic plants like Mankai, showed the best health outcomes among all diets studied.



This diet not only provided a wide range of essential nutrients but also encouraged a surge in "health-promoting bacteria," significantly reducing the presence of bacteria associated with cellular damage and disease.



By fostering a healthier gut microbiome, the green Mediterranean diet emerged as a powerful ally in preventing colon cancer and promoting overall health.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-power-of-high-fiber">The power of high fiber</h2>



High-fiber diets, encouraged for weight loss and addressing chronic constipation, also demonstrated a protective effect against colon cancer, type-2 diabetes, and inflammation. 



By altering the gut microbiome, the high fiber intake led to a significant surge in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria - producers of beneficial compounds like short-chain fatty acids.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-plant-based-diet-a-strong-ally">Plant-based diet: A strong ally</h2>



The benefits of a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/plant-based-diet-improves-health-in-women-with-breast-cancer/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">plant-based diet</a> were also spotlighted in the research. This type of diet significantly lowered the risk of colon cancer, as polyphenols found in plants prompted the growth of beneficial bacteria.



Notably, this diet increased the presence of a group of bacteria named Akkermansia, which is known for fighting various bacterial diseases and enhancing overall gut health. 



By promoting a healthier gut microbiome, a plant-based diet serves as a powerful ally in the fight against colon cancer and other related health issues.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-high-protein-and-ketogenic-diets">High-protein and ketogenic diets</h2>



However, scientists have raised concerns over high-protein diets rich in red <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/beef-and-dairy-contain-a-powerful-cancer-fighting-nutrient/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">meat</a>. Hydrogen sulfide is released from meat breakdown, which causes damaging mutations to nearby cells.



Additionally, the researchers suggest that ketogenic diets need further investigation due to their potential to cause drastic drops in beneficial bacteria populations.



Study lead author Dr. Catherine Stanton, who works for the public-private Irish state organization <a href="https://www.teagasc.ie/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Teagasc</a>, highlighted the critical role of diet in maintaining gut microbiome balance and its metabolic functions.



"Our review highlights the profound impact of different diets on the gut microbiome," said Dr. Stanton. "This understanding is crucial for developing dietary recommendations that promote health and prevent disease."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-colon-cancer-in-young-people">Colon cancer in young people</h2>



The urgency for this research comes in the wake of an alarming rise in colon cancer cases among under-50s. An estimated 17,000 <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/rising-cancer-rates-in-young-adults-linked-to-accelerated-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">younger people</a> are developing this disease annually. The rate among those in their late 20s and early 30s has escalated by around 70 percent.



Simultaneously, other cancers are also surging among younger individuals, including bile duct, breast, and appendix cancers. 



While the exact cause remains elusive, obesity rates and processed food consumption are being scrutinized. In parallel, a study cited an additive found in energy drinks like Red Bull as a potential cancer cell growth fuel.



Efforts are underway to comprehend these developments, with a $25 million investigation launched to study the cause of the rise in cancer among young adults. The study's findings could influence changes in colon cancer screening guidelines, with calls to reduce the current age limit of 45 for screening.



As we gain deeper insights into the diet-cancer nexus, these findings underline the importance of dietary choices. A shift towards health-promoting diets may be a crucial step in combating the rise of colon cancer among younger populations.



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Western diet identified as major cause of colon cancer

Scientists have identified the Western diet as a major contributor...

There's a powerful tool to combat age-related dementia; it's as simple as putting down your Google-enabled device and taking a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-do-afternoon-naps-impact-our-health/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">nap</a>. 



This surprising wisdom is delivered by esteemed Canadian academic, Professor Mohamed I. Elmasry, in his groundbreaking book, "iMind: Artificial and Real Intelligence."



The professor argues that we've become so smitten with artificial intelligence (AI) that we've neglected to nurture our organic (real) intelligence (RI). 



However, the brain, like our handheld devices, contains hardware, software, and apps of its own. 



With proper care, exercise, and mental stimulation, the brain can prove more powerful and enduring than any AI-powered gadget.



By focusing on maintaining our cognitive health through activities such as brain games, mindfulness, and rest, we can enhance the capabilities and longevity of our minds, ensuring that our natural intelligence remains sharp and resilient throughout our lives.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-coping-with-dementia">Coping with dementia</h2>



Professor Elmasry, a renowned figure in the realms of microchip design and AI, has lost loved ones to Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia. These personal tragedies ignited his passion to explore the marvels and potential of the human mind.



Dismissing the notion that smart devices are becoming increasingly smarter, he contends that they pale in comparison with our brains.



The <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/largest-ever-3d-map-of-human-brain-created-by-harvard-and-google/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">human brain</a>, Elmasry asserts, has an unparalleled capacity for storage, longevity, energy efficiency, and self-healing. It outperforms any smartphone, which typically has a lifespan of about 10 years, while a well-kept brain may function optimally for more than a century.



"Your brain-mind is the highest-value asset you have, or will ever have. Increase its potential and longevity by caring for it early in life, keeping it and your body healthy so it can continue to develop," writes Elmasry.



To this end, he advocates for daily brain workouts, such as "brain games," for keeping our minds sharp.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-swap-screens-for-cognitive-scenes">Swap screens for cognitive scenes</h2>



Professor Elmasry shares how reliance on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/can-ai-systems-learn-like-the-human-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AI</a> smartphone apps has replaced the use of real intelligence among younger generations.



In a telling example, he recounts an episode where his grandchildren, after spending a week in Cuba, couldn't recall the capital of the country without resorting to a search engine. 



“A <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/daily-multivitamins-slow-cognitive-aging-and-improve-memory/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">healthy memory</a> goes hand-in-hand with real intelligence. Our memory simply can't reach its full potential without RI,” says Elmasry.



His book, published by <a href="https://www.routledge.com/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Routledge</a>, delves into the evolution of microchip design, machine learning, and AI. He also compares the functionality of the human mind and brain with AI-based systems like smartphones and ChatGPT.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-narrowing-the-ai-divide">Narrowing the AI divide</h2>



Through "iMind: Artificial and Real Intelligence," Elmasry aspires to bridge the understanding gap between real and artificial intelligence, while also addressing ongoing debates and controversies surrounding AI. 



He delves into the nuances of how AI can complement rather than replace our natural cognitive abilities, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to technology.



Moreover, he hopes to inspire researchers to discover new treatments for degenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and cancer. By highlighting the untapped potential of our brains, Elmasry aims to shift focus towards nurturing our mental faculties alongside advancing AI technologies.



By promoting a deeper understanding of how our brains function compared to AI systems, Elmasry aims to encourage innovations that leverage the strengths of both real and artificial intelligence, ultimately leading to breakthroughs in medical research and therapeutic approaches for these debilitating diseases. 



This comprehensive perspective not only seeks to advance scientific knowledge but also to foster a holistic approach to cognitive health and technological development.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-napping-and-other-dementia-prevention-techniques">Napping and other dementia prevention techniques</h2>



Elmasry asserts that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-secret-ingredient-to-healthy-aging-your-midlife-diet/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">healthy aging</a> deserves as much attention as climate change, even though it doesn’t receive as much publicity. He proposes a series of reforms to promote active aging, such as transforming bingo halls into vibrant learning centers.



The professor also offers practical advice to strengthen our Real Intelligence. Napping, for instance, can refresh our memory and other brain functions.



Research on the relationship between napping and dementia prevention is ongoing. Some studies suggest that short naps can be beneficial for brain health by improving cognitive function, mood, and memory. 



Professor Elmasry recommends building an "associative" memory by attaching new information to what we already know.



His other techniques include integrating a day of complete rest into the week, evaluating lifestyle habits from as early as your 20s or 30s, adhering to a healthy diet, and moderating or avoiding alcohol to lower dementia risk.



By cultivating these habits and fostering mindfulness, we can ensure that our "brain apps" continue to run smoothly, enriching our lives and empowering us into an age of real intelligence.



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Stop googling, start napping to reduce dementia risk

There's a powerful tool to combat age-related dementia; it's as...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

[sendtonews key="0ynNMYkMKa-2340414-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

How does salt makes things taste better?

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Santiago, Chile in South America

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Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

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Earth,Like,Exoplanet,3d,Render

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

[sendtonews key="vpljfR2VBX-2560867-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

[sendtonews key="MHyhtebibJ-2200368-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from NASA...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes why satellite images and measurements of our planet have become "essential to our survival, offering a new outlook of our world."&nbsp;



Rising sea levels pose one of the biggest societal threats associated with climate change. According to ESA, satellite altimeter missions such as Copernicus Sentinel-6 are essential in monitoring global and regional changes in sea level.



"Unbeknown to many, the island of Crete, Greece, plays an important role in the Copernicus satellite altimetry constellation and on an international stage," reports ESA.



"Satellite altimetry data have to be continuously monitored at the ESA’s Permanent Facility for Altimetry Calibration where different techniques have pioneered the use of transponders to provide the best measurements to validate satellite altimeters in space soon after launch."



Dr. Craig Donlon explains that, by understanding planet Earth through satellite measurements, we are able to find evidence of change.&nbsp;



Video Credit: European Space Agency&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Satellites have become essential to our survival

[sendtonews key="761m2QQvR1-2035772-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...