Patience is often regarded as a noble virtue, but its true essence may stem from how we handle life's relentless challenges and frustrations.



Kate Sweeny, a psychology scientist at <a href="https://www.ucr.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UC Riverside</a>, suggests that patience might be less about our moral standing and more about how we handle the everyday irritations that life throws at us.



"Philosophers and religious scholars call patience a virtue, yet most people claim to be impatient," said Sweeny. "That made me wonder if maybe patience is less about being a good person and more about how we deal with day-to-day frustrations."



Sweeny conducted a study that was focused on defining what encompasses patience and impatience, and the factors that contribute to them.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-interpreting-patience-and-impatience">Interpreting patience and impatience</h2>



<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/why-humans-hate-to-wait-and-what-our-impatience-says-about-us/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Impatience</a>, according to Sweeny, is the emotion experienced when encountering delays that seem unfair, unreasonable, or inappropriate - like heavy traffic during off-peak hours or a meeting dragging on well past its scheduled time.



In contrast, patience is how individuals cope with these feelings of impatience. Psychologists often refer to "<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/study-pinpoints-the-brain-regions-that-regulate-emotions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">emotion regulation</a>" as the range of strategies people use to adjust the intensity of their emotions.



In a companion theoretical paper, Sweeny emphasizes that patience represents a specific subset of these strategies, focusing on managing feelings of impatience.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-perfect-storm-for-impatience">The "perfect storm" for impatience</h2>



The researchers identified three scenarios that form the ideal recipe for impatience: a critical situation (like a traffic jam on the way to a favorite band's concert), an uncomfortable waiting state (like a packed waiting room at the DMV), and when there's an obvious person to blame for the delay (such as the lab forgetting to process your medical tests).



People felt more impatient when a delay lasted longer than expected, although the actual length of the delay did not significantly impact their feelings of impatience.



To explore these frustrations, participants were asked to imagine their reactions to everyday aggravations, such as being stuck in traffic, enduring a tedious meeting, or waiting in a crowded room.



The individuals assessed how impatient these situations would make them feel and identified strategies to temper their impatience, including distraction techniques, deep <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/breathing-exercises-improve-focus-in-children-with-adhd/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">breathing exercises</a>, or finding a silver lining in the situation.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-spectrum-of-patience">The spectrum of patience</h2>



Interestingly, not everyone responded to these irritation-causing situations in the same way. Some were more patient than others. For instance, individuals who were more adaptable to open-ended situations and more emotionally stable displayed less impatience.



Moreover, those who had higher <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/emotional-intelligence-may-be-secret-to-academic-success/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">emotional intelligence</a> and were better at self-regulation were also more patient, even if they initially felt impatient.



"Our initial findings support many of our ideas about patience and impatience. We have a lot still to learn, but our approach is quite promising in terms of helping people to manage feelings of impatience and ultimately become more patient in their daily lives," noted Sweeny.



These findings present a fresh perspective on patience and impatience - not as intrinsic qualities of a person, but as responses and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/people-who-are-connected-with-nature-have-better-coping-skills/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">coping</a> strategies we embrace when faced with the inevitable irritations of life.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-patience-and-personality-traits">Patience and personality traits</h2>



The research sheds light on how personality traits influence an individual's ability to remain patient. People who demonstrate greater emotional stability and adaptability in uncertain situations are less likely to feel overwhelmed by impatience.



Additionally, individuals with high emotional intelligence, who excel in self-regulation and empathy, tend to manage feelings of impatience more effectively. 



Traits like agreeableness also play a crucial role in encouraging patience, as such individuals often approach frustrating scenarios with a calm and understanding mindset.



These findings highlight that patience is not just situational but also deeply rooted in personal characteristics, offering a promising avenue for developing interventions to cultivate patience in daily life.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-modern-life">Implications for modern life</h2>



In an increasingly fast-paced world, the study’s findings have significant applications.



The ability to manage impatience effectively is crucial in both personal and professional settings. For instance, workplaces can benefit from training programs focused on emotion regulation techniques, helping employees cope with stress and maintain productivity during challenging times.



Moreover, understanding the psychology of patience can aid in conflict resolution by promoting empathy and cooperation. 



On an individual level, strategies like mindfulness, reframing negative situations, and practicing gratitude can be integrated into daily routines to enhance emotional well-being and cultivate a more patient approach to life.



The full study was published in the journal <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01461672241284028" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin</a>.



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Patience isn’t a virtue - it’s a coping strategy

Patience is often regarded as a noble virtue, but its true essence may stem from how we handle life's relentless challenges and frustrations. Kate Sweeny, a psychology scientist at UC Riverside, suggests that patience might be less about our moral standing and more about how we handle the everyday irritations that life throws at us. "Philosophers and religious scholars call patience a virtue, yet most people claim to be impatient," said Sweeny. "That made me wonder if maybe patience is less about being a good person and...

The fight against pain may have a new player in its ranks - gender. The findings from a recent study indicate that men and women resort to different biological mechanisms for pain relief. But what does this mean?



A team of researchers at the <a href="https://ucsd.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of California San Diego</a> School of Medicine has unmasked an intriguing reality - pain management is not a one-size-fits-all solution. 



The way <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/why-men-and-women-react-differently-to-stress/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">men and women</a> experience and combat pain varies significantly, pointing to key biological differences in their responses.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-gender-differences-in-pain-management">Gender differences in pain management </h2>



Men tend to rely on the release of endogenous opioids, which are the body's natural <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/scientists-learn-how-to-activate-the-bodys-natural-pain-killers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pain relievers</a>. These substances act similarly to prescription opioids like morphine, binding to opioid receptors in the brain to dampen the perception of pain. 



In contrast, women appear to utilize alternative, non-opioid pathways. These channels bypass the body's opioid system entirely, meaning that the pain relief mechanisms at play in women may be less reliant on the body’s internal opioids.



This finding suggests there is a biological reason for why women might not respond as well to opioid-based treatments.



The research highlights a major distinction in how pain relief strategies should be tailored based on gender, potentially altering the way we approach pain management altogether.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-opioids-may-not-help-women-in-pain">Opioids may not help women in pain</h2>



Powerful synthetic <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-discovery-offers-hope-for-tackling-opioid-addiction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">opioid</a> drugs such as morphine and fentanyl are the leading painkillers at our disposal today. 



By adhering to the same receptors as endogenous opioids, these synthetic molecules pack a potent punch. However, this characteristic also primes them for a high risk of addiction.



One of the profound peculiarities of opioid therapy is the subpar response exhibited by women. 



"Dependence develops because people start taking more opioids when their original dosage stops working," explained Dr. Fadel Zeidan, an expert at the UC San Diego Sanford Institute for Empathy and Compassion.



"Although speculative, our findings suggest that maybe one reason that females are more likely to become addicted to opioids is that they’re biologically less responsive to them and need to take more to experience any pain relief.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-new-approach-to-pain-management">A new approach to pain management </h2>



The research was based on data from two clinical trials consisting of 98 participants, including healthy individuals and chronic lower back pain sufferers.



According to Dr. Zeidan, the results underscore the need for more sex-specific pain <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/music-therapy-can-reduce-pain-stress-and-anxiety/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">therapies</a>, because many of the treatments we use do not work nearly as well for women as they do for men.



The implications of the study are immense. For one, the findings could revolutionize the way we approach pain management.



Tailoring treatment to an individual’s gender could improve patient outcomes and decrease opioid reliance and misuse. 



After all, it is clear disparities exist in pain management between genders, and these results provide the first tangible evidence that sex-based differences in pain processing need to be considered more seriously when developing and prescribing treatment for pain.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-pain-treatment-for-women">Pain treatment for women </h2>



This research highlights a crucial issue that's been overlooked in healthcare - how men and women experience pain differently. Traditionally, pain treatments have followed a standardized approach, but this study suggests a shift in thinking is needed.



If men and women utilize different biological pathways for pain relief, it stands to reason they might need distinct treatments. The findings also explain why women have a greater prevalence of chronic pain. 



For women, who appear less responsive to opioids, exploring alternative methods that align with their unique pain pathways becomes important. Options like anti-inflammatory drugs, nerve blockers, or innovative approaches like mindfulness-based <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mindfulness-meditation-is-a-powerful-weapon-against-chronic-pain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pain management</a> could offer better results.



Furthermore, the study points out a pressing concern: women might face a higher risk of opioid addiction due to the need for larger doses to achieve pain relief. This insight could shed light on the alarming rates of opioid misuse among women. 



As we move forward, it's evident that doctors will need to carefully consider painkiller prescriptions, possibly adopting gender-specific guidelines to safeguard women from the risks of dependency.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae453/7821498" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PNAS Nexus</a>.



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Why women experience more chronic pain than men

The fight against pain may have a new player in...

Soaring temperatures often lead to soaring tempers, as people's emotions are tested when they are exposed to excess heat. A surprising new study from Washington State University suggests that emotional responses to heat vary greatly, with age being a key factor.



The research team has discovered that discomfort triggered by a sizzling summer day doesn't affect everyone equally. The threshold of discomfort, it turns out, is a highly subjective matter, varying from individual to individual.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-age-and-heat-an-unexpected-connection">Age and heat: An unexpected connection</h2>



The researchers found that the actual temperature at which the majority of people felt uncomfortable during a hot summer depended on the individual. When discomfort set in, the majority of people had negative changes in mood. 



Interestingly, there was an exception with older adults. They were found to hit their discomfort level faster in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/2023-climate-change-report-record-high-temperatures-greenhouse-gases-sea-level-rise/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">high temperatures</a> compared to their youthful counterparts, yet their moods remained comparably unscathed.



Study lead author Kim Meidenbauer is a psychological researcher at <a href="https://wsu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Washington State University</a>.



"Older adults in general have worse thermoregulation, so this makes them more vulnerable to heat - so that was not surprising - but what was really interesting is that on average, older adults showed low levels of negative emotional states, even though they experienced more discomfort in the heat," noted Meidenbauer.



While the study did not pinpoint the reasons for the age difference in emotional response to heat, Meidenbauer said that other research on personality traits across the lifespan found that emotional stability tends to increase with age.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-emotional-effects-of-heat">Emotional effects of heat</h2>



The goal of the research was to shed light on the known association between high outside temperatures and spikes in violent crime and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/mental-health-crisis-half-of-the-worlds-population-will-be-affected-by-age-75/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">mental health</a> hospital admissions. Although this link is widely recognized, the reason behind it remains unsolved.



The experts collaborated with researchers from the University of Chicago, University of Michigan, University of Illinois, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Santa Fe Institute.



The team explored into the relationship surrounding outdoor temperature, physical discomfort, and negative effects such as feelings of irritability, anxiety, or gloominess.



To investigate, the researchers enlisted approximately 400 people in the Chicago area during the summer of 2022.



The participants self-reported their comfort and emotional status on an app while they were outside, allowing the researchers to correlate their responses with the geolocation determined temperature.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-perception-of-heat-and-discomfort">Perception of heat and discomfort</h2>



The study concluded that there was no direct connection between actual temperature and the emotional state of individuals. What mattered more was the perceived temperature - a subjective interpretation of how hot it was.



“People really varied in the extent to which they found consistently <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/extreme-heat-poses-extreme-risks-for-outdoor-workers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">extreme temperatures</a> as hot or uncomfortable. Some people were experiencing 100-degree days, and they were still feeling good," said Meidenbauer.



However, when discomfort did creep in, it often brought along negative emotional states, particularly in younger adults. 



“This research is suggesting that for some people there is a really strong relationship between heat and negative affect working through discomfort," noted Meidenbauer.



"Because there is also an association between being in a particularly angry or irritable emotional state and then acting out aggressively - this is a plausible mechanism at play.”



In the future, Meidenbauer aims to examine the emotional response to heat in a more controlled laboratory setting. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-heat-and-emotional-well-being">Heat and emotional well-being</h2>



This study opens the door to more detailed investigations into how different age groups respond to heat, with important implications for public health and <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/green-yards-promote-climate-resilience-in-urban-areas/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">climate resilience</a> strategies. 



As climate change accelerates and extreme heat events become more frequent, understanding the psychological and physiological impacts of heat on various populations could help mitigate risks and improve overall well-being. 



Older adults, while emotionally resilient, remain physically vulnerable due to decreased thermoregulation, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.



Meidenbauer and her team plan to further explore these connections, aiming to develop tailored interventions that address both the emotional and physical health challenges posed by rising temperatures.



Their future work may include laboratory-controlled experiments and larger-scale studies to identify strategies that could help people of all ages better cope with heat stress, particularly as the world faces increasingly unpredictable climate patterns.



The research, published in the journal <a href="https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-024-02005-z" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">BMC Psychology</a>, was funded by the National Science Foundation and NASA.



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Older adults are less emotionally affected by heat

Soaring temperatures often lead to soaring tempers, as people's emotions...

New research shows that if electric vehicles (EVs) took over America’s highways, the air quality would improve dramatically, bringing major health benefits for the population. 



While it’s no surprise that switching to EVs could boost public health, putting a clear number on those benefits has always been tricky. 



But now, a recent study from the <a href="https://www.utoronto.ca/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Toronto</a>’s Department of Civil &amp; Mineral Engineering has provided some eye-opening figures.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-health-benefits-of-electric-vehicles">Health benefits of electric vehicles</h2>



Drawing on the power of computer simulations, the researchers showed that ambitious electrification of the U.S. vehicle fleet, complemented by a substantial implementation of renewable electricity generation, could yield health benefits valued between US$84 billion and 188 billion by 2050.



And even in scenarios forecasting less aggressive grid <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/decarbonizing-worlds-industrial-emissions-possible-with-current-technology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">decarbonization</a>, health benefits still scale into tens of billions.



"When researchers examine the impacts of EVs, they typically focus on climate change in the form of mitigating <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/direct-evidence-electric-vehicles-measurably-reduce-carbon-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">CO2 emissions</a>," said Professor Marianne Hatzopoulou.



"But CO2 is not the only thing that comes out of the tailpipe of an internal combustion vehicle. They produce many <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/google-street-view-cars-expose-unknown-air-pollution-sources/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">air pollutants</a> that have a significant, quantifiable impact on public health."



Professor Hatzopoulou further noted that these impacts are disproportionately borne by low-income, racialized, or marginalized populations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-looking-beyond-climate-change">Looking beyond climate change</h2>



In previous research, the team utilized their expertise in life-cycle assessment to frame computer models.



The models were used to simulate the impact of widespread electric vehicle adoption on the U.S. market, revealing that although EV adoption positively impacts climate change, it's insufficient alone to meet <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-experts-predict-global-warming-will-far-exceed-paris-goals/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Paris Agreement targets</a>.



The latest study aimed to account for non-climate benefits of EV adoption. The team adapted their models to include the production of common air pollutants from <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/un-report-current-fossil-fuel-plans-will-shatter-1-5c-climate-goal/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fossil fuel</a> combustion, such as nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, and small particles known as PM2.5.



"Modeling these pollutants is very different from modeling CO2, which lasts for decades and ends up well-mixed throughout the atmosphere," noted Professor Daniel Posen.



He further added that these pollutants and their associated health impacts are more localized. Thus, it is crucial to account not only for the volume of emissions but also their locations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-decarbonizing-power-and-transportation">Decarbonizing power and transportation</h2>



The study also considered a range of scenarios extending to the year 2050. One scenario presumed no further EV production, while the second assumed complete electrification of new vehicles by 2035.



Under each scenario, the researchers evaluated various rates of transitioning the electric grid to low-emitting and renewable energy sources, considering if it remains constant, slows down, or accelerates over the next years.



"Our simulation shows that the cumulative public health benefits of large-scale EV adoption between now and 2050 could run into the hundreds of billions of dollars. But another thing we found is that we only get these benefits if the grid continues to get greener," said Professor Posen.



This conclusion raises an important question: which should be prioritized, decarbonizing transportation through EV adoption or decarbonizing power generation - the original source of EV-associated pollution?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-combustion-vehicles-and-tailpipe-emissions">Combustion vehicles and tailpipe emissions </h2>



Professor Hatzopoulou believes it is important to remember that vehicles sold today will continue to be used for decades. 



"If we buy more internal combustion vehicles now, however efficient they may be, we will be locking ourselves into those tailpipe emissions for years to come," said Professor Hatzopoulou.



She argued that while decarbonizing power generation is indeed vital, the process of getting more EVs on the road should not be delayed until it is complete, affirming the need to start on the path to a healthier future today.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-electric-vehicles-and-a-healthier-future">Electric vehicles and a healthier future</h2>



As we face the challenges of both climate change and public health, electric vehicles are emerging as a real solution. 



By cutting down on harmful pollutants and shifting to cleaner energy, the benefits extend far beyond the environment. Our health and well-being stand to improve significantly.



With researchers now able to put concrete numbers behind these gains, it’s becoming clear that electric vehicles aren’t just futuristic - they are a key part of building a healthier, more sustainable future starting today.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2320858121" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>.



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Electric vehicles could save billions in health care costs by 2050

New research shows that if electric vehicles (EVs) took over...

A recent study is the first to suggest that the use of high-potency cannabis leaves a distinct mark on DNA, providing valuable insights into the biological impact of cannabis use.&nbsp;



High-potency cannabis is defined as having Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - the principal psychoactive constituent in cannabis - content of 10% or more.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-biological-impact-of-high-potency-cannabis-nbsp">Biological impact of high-potency cannabis&nbsp;</h2>



The research also showed the effect of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/why-cannabis-use-disorder-risk-varies-among-young-adults/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cannabis</a> use on DNA is different in people experiencing their first episode of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/childhood-sleep-deprivation-linked-to-adult-psychosis/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">psychosis</a> compared to users who have never experienced psychosis. 



This suggests there could be potential for DNA blood tests to help characterize those cannabis users at risk of developing psychosis to inform preventative approaches.



“With the increasing prevalence of cannabis use and more availability of high-potency cannabis, there is a pressing need to better understand its biological impact, particularly on mental health,” said senior author Marta Di Forti, a professor of drugs, genes and psychosis at <a href="https://www.kcl.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">King's College London</a> (KCL).



“Our study is the first to show high-potency cannabis leaves a unique signature on DNA related to mechanisms around the immune system and energy production.”



According to Professor Forti, future research needs to explore if the DNA signature for current cannabis use - in particular the one of high-potency types - can help identify those users most at risk to develop psychosis, both in recreational and medicinal use settings.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-high-potency-cannabis-and-dna-methylation-nbsp">High-potency cannabis and DNA methylation&nbsp;</h2>



The researchers explored the effects of cannabis use on DNA methylation - a chemical process detected in blood samples that alters how genes are functioning (whether they are switched “on” or “off”).&nbsp;



DNA methylation is a type of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/social-status-linked-to-lasting-epigenetic-changes-in-hyenas/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">epigenetic change</a>, which means it alters gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence itself and is considered a vital factor in the interplay between risk factors and mental health.



The laboratory team at the <a href="https://www.exeter.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Exeter</a> conducted complex analyses of DNA methylation across the whole human genome using blood samples from both people who have experienced first-episode psychosis and those who have never had a psychotic experience. 



The researchers investigated the impact of current cannabis use, including frequency and potency, on the DNA of 682 participants.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-genes-related-to-energy-and-immune-function">Genes related to energy and immune function</h2>



The analysis showed that frequent users of high-potency cannabis had changes in genes related to mitochondrial and immune function, particularly the CAVIN1 gene, which could affect energy and immune response.&nbsp;



These changes were not explained by the well-established impact that tobacco has on DNA methylation, which is usually mixed into joints by most cannabis users.



“This is the first study to show that frequent use of high-potency cannabis leaves a distinct molecular mark on DNA, particularly affecting genes related to energy and immune function,” said study lead author Emma Dempster, a senior lecturer at the University of Exeter.



“Our findings provide important insights into how cannabis use may alter biological processes. DNA methylation, which bridges the gap between genetics and environmental factors, is a key mechanism that allows external influences, such as substance use, to impact gene activity.”&nbsp;



Dempster noted that these epigenetic changes, shaped by lifestyle and exposures, offer a valuable perspective on how cannabis use may influence mental health through biological pathways.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-valuable-new-insights">Valuable new insights</h2>



Dempster meta-analyzed data from two cohorts: the GAP study, which consists of patients with first-episode psychosis in <a href="https://slam.nhs.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust</a>, and the EU-GEI study, which consists of patients with first-episode psychosis and healthy controls across England, France, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Brazil.



This totaled 239 participants with first-episode psychosis and 443 healthy controls representing the general population from both study sites who had available DNA samples.&nbsp;



Most of the cannabis users in the study used high-potency cannabis more than once a week (defined as frequent use) and had first used cannabis at the age of 16 years old, on average.



This study, published in the journal <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02689-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Molecular Psychiatry</a> provides crucial insights into how high-potency cannabis use may impact DNA and lead to <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/cannabis-potency-linked-to-dramatic-rise-in-psychiatric-disorders/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">psychiatric disorders</a>, highlighting the need for further research to understand the biological mechanisms at play and to develop preventative strategies for those at risk of psychosis.



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High-potency cannabis use linked to epigenetic changes

A recent study is the first to suggest that the...

You've probably heard the age-old belief that if your partner garners attention from others, it'll make them seem more attractive to you and save your relationship, right? 



But what if this notion is a tad off the mark? That's exactly what new research discovered -- the reaction to third-party interest in our partners might not be what we'd expect.



In a deeply insightful study conducted by Prof. Gurit Birnbaum and Prof. Doron Friedman, affiliated with the Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology at <a href="https://www.runi.ac.il/en/schools/psychology/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Reichman University</a>, a new perspective on relationship dynamics is unveiled.



The focus? How your partner's popularity with others can influence your level of attraction, commitment, and competitiveness.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-choosing-relationship-partners">Choosing relationship partners</h2>



Picking a life partner is, without a doubt, one of the most critical decisions we ever make. It's like signing up for a marathon -- influencing the course of your life profoundly, <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/self-compassion-enhances-relationship-satisfaction/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">shaping your happiness</a>, and directing your journey.



Naturally, humans have devised strategies overtime to ease this process -- like observing how others react to potential partners.



This is what scientists refer to as "mate-choice copying," a phenomenon witnessed across numerous species.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-partners-attention-in-relationship">Partners attention in relationship</h2>



Previous research confirms that witnessing others' desire for a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dating-apps-make-it-difficult-to-find-true-love/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">potential mate</a> tends to enhance their appeal in our eyes. Interestingly, this doesn't end once we've cuffed up. 



The evaluations continue, with our view of our partners significantly influenced by how attractive others find them. 



But here's the catch -- this external attention can stir different reactions, depending on whether you're scouting for a partner or already in a relationship.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-current-partner-conundrum">Current partner conundrum</h2>



The experiment sought to unpack what happens when the attention is shifted towards our current partners. 



Specifically, how does observing others flirt with our partner influence our perception of their attractiveness, the effort to maintain the relationship, and the instinct to ward off competing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/your-brain-literally-changes-based-on-daily-activities-and-lifestyle/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">attention</a>? 



Does it fan the flames of desire, or does it make us insecure?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-how-the-study-was-conducted">How the study was conducted</h2>



The research involved three separate experiments. 



Participants in committed relationships were walked through scenarios where their partner either received unwanted attention or had a neutral interaction with a third party. 



The participants then rated their sexual desire for their partner, their willingness to make sacrifices for the relationship, and their urge to ward off the competitor.



In each attempt, the exposure to external attention directed at the partner was manipulated differently. 



The first experiment used the power of imagination, the second leveraged the immersive nature of virtual reality, while the third delved into participants' real-life experiences.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-revealing-results">Revealing results</h2>



Across all the experiments, a recurring theme emerged: when participants observed others showing interest in their partner, their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/where-does-love-live-in-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">desire for their partner</a> declined. 



Their inclination to make sacrifices for the relationship also decreased, while their urge to drive off competitors intensified.



“We were in Tel Aviv, when suddenly this guy shows up and asks for my girlfriend's number. I got annoyed, like, who does he think he is?! My girlfriend quickly brushed him off, but my mind was already racing with questions: What if she finds him attractive? Might I lose her? Would she be happier with him?” one participant noted.



"While some people might attempt to make their partner jealous by attracting attention from others, hoping to feel more desirable or secure, research indicates that this tactic can backfire. Rather than strengthening the relationship, it may undermine the very bond it seeks to enhance," states Prof. Gurit Birnbaum of Reichman University.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-relationship-dynamics-from-partners">Relationship dynamics from partners</h2>



The findings from this study challenge traditional assumptions about jealousy and attraction towards your partner within romantic relationships. 



By revealing that external interest can diminish a partner's allure rather than enhance it, the research prompts a reevaluation of how jealousy is perceived. 



An overreliance on provoking jealousy as a method of increasing desirability could, in fact, result in emotional detachment and questioning of relational stability.



This apprehension suggests that cultivating a secure, affirming environment may be a more effective strategy for fostering long-term relational health. 



Understanding these dynamics is crucial for therapists and counselors guiding couples through relationship challenges, helping them navigate beyond potentially harmful tactics in search of genuine intimacy and connection.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-directions">Future directions</h2>



The groundbreaking results from the <a href="https://www.runi.ac.il/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Reichman University</a> study open new avenues for research in the field of psychology, specifically concerning mate-choice dynamics and relationships. 



Future studies might explore the psychological mechanisms behind mate-choice copying and its variance across different cultures and relationship contexts. 



Additionally, there is potential to delve deeper into virtual reality's role as a tool for simulating and studying complex social interactions that impact relationship psychology. 



Such explorations can further elucidate the nuanced interplay between individual psychological processes and the external social environment driving attraction and commitment. 



By continuing to investigate these elements, future research can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human relational behavior and promote strategies for nurturing healthier, more resilient partnerships.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-why-is-this-important">Why is this important?</h2>



Sure, witnessing others' interest in a potential partner might make them more attractive initially, but in a committed relationship, the same attention might have the opposite effect. 



It seems the fear of losing a partner might drive us to create an emotional distance and limit our investment in the relationship. 



Meanwhile, any aggression towards the rival is not so much about preserving the relationship but more about the natural human desire for revenge. 



The study is published in <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00224499.2024.2391105" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Journal of Sex Research</a>.



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Making a partner jealous hurts relationships much more often than it helps

You've probably heard the age-old belief that if your partner...

Researchers are on track to develop a new method to counteract jet lag. The experts have unlocked the mystery of a specific protein that regulates our body clock - Casein Kinase 1 delta (CK1δ).



Circadian rhythms are the inherent 24-hour cycles affecting our sleep-wake patterns and overall daily functions. The research may ultimately allow us to adjust these biological rhythms.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-jet-lag-and-the-body-clock-protein">Jet lag and the body clock protein</h2>



Led by experts at <a href="https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Duke-NUS Medical School</a> and the University of California, Santa Cruz, the study could open new avenues of treatment related to the body's circadian rhythm.



The research sheds light on the potential for alternative and more effective interventions for disorders tied to the biological clock.



The goal is to develop innovative treatments that help realign circadian rhythms, providing relief for those affected by <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/children-who-watch-screens-in-bed-have-the-most-disrupted-sleep/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep disruptions</a> and improving overall health outcomes.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-proteins-that-run-the-body-clock">Proteins that run the body clock</h2>



CK1δ governs our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/syncing-brain-muscle-circadian-rhythms-slows-aging/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">circadian rhythm</a> by tagging other proteins that play a part in our biological clock. This protein network essentially fine-tunes the timing of our circadian rhythms.



It is important to note that CK1δ itself can be tagged - which can alter its ability to control the proteins that run the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercising-shift-internal-clock/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">body's internal clock</a>.



In previous work, scientists identified two distinct versions of CK1δ, known as isoforms δ1 and δ2. While these protein variants contain very few differences - a mere 16 building blocks or amino acids - these differences critically influence the function of CK1δ.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-controlling-the-protein-and-jet-lag">Controlling the protein and jet lag</h2>



Using advanced spectroscopy and spectrometry techniques, the researchers studied the tails of the proteins. The experts concluded that the unique tail sequences determine how the proteins are tagged.



Study co-author Carrie Partch is a professor in the Department of Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry at the University of California, Santa Cruz. 



"Our findings pinpoint to three specific sites on CK1δ's tail where&nbsp;phosphate groups&nbsp;can attach, and these sites are crucial for controlling the protein's activity," said Professor Partch.



"When these spots get tagged with a phosphate group, CK1δ becomes less active, which means it doesn't influence our circadian rhythms as effectively. Using high-resolution analysis, we were able to pinpoint the exact sites involved - and that's really exciting."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protein-variants-may-influence-jet-lag">Protein variants may influence jet lag </h2>



Professor David Virshup, director of the Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program at Duke-NUS, discovered that the δ1 tail interacts more with the main part of the protein, leading to greater self-inhibition compared to δ2.



"When these sites are mutated or removed, δ1 becomes more active, which leads to changes in circadian rhythms. In contrast, δ2 does not have the same regulatory effect from its tail region," said Professor Virshup.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-applications-beyond-jet-lag">Applications beyond jet lag</h2>



CK1δ plays a significant role in other crucial processes, including cell division, cancer development, and certain <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/coffee-grounds-could-help-prevent-neurodegenerative-diseases/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">neurodegenerative diseases</a>. 



With the newfound understanding of CK1δ's activity, new strategies could be developed for not just circadian rhythm disorders but also for a range of conditions.



Professor Patrick Tan from Duke-NUS elaborated on the broader implications that this research could have on our health and well-being.



"Regulating our internal clock goes beyond curing jet lag - it's about improving <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/gardening-significantly-improves-sleep-quality-in-adults/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sleep quality</a>, metabolism and overall health," said Professor Tan.



Going forward, the researchers will explore how real-world factors such as diet and environmental changes can influence the tagging sites on CK1δ.



This could potentially shed light on how these elements affect our circadian rhythms and might be a stepping stone to practical solutions for managing disruptions caused by jet lag.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-resetting-the-body-clock">Resetting the body clock</h2>



The implications of this discovery extend well beyond basic sleep regulation. For frequent travelers, overcoming jet lag has long been a challenge. 



By targeting the CK1δ protein, the researchers are optimistic about developing treatments that can reset the body’s internal clock faster and more effectively.



This could mean adjusting to new time zones with ease, reducing the usual symptoms of fatigue, and enhancing overall well-being. 



As these findings advance, the potential for creating accessible, targeted therapies that specifically address jet lag grows, offering new hope to those who are constantly on the move.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2415567121" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>.



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Goodbye jet lag: Using a protein to reset the body clock

Researchers are on track to develop a new method to...

Global Cat Day, celebrated each year on October 16, is dedicated to raising awareness about the welfare of cats around the world.&nbsp;



The campaign was initially founded as National Feral Cat Day in 2001 by <a href="https://globalcatday.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Alley Cat Allies</a>, a nonprofit organization that advocates for the humane treatment of cats.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cats-are-community-nbsp">Cats are community&nbsp;</h2>



According to Alley Cat Allies, cats are community members and every community should have policies and programs to protect them.



“Global Cat Day is a day to embrace the global truth that Cats Are Community,” said the organization.



“This powerful statement is recognition that cats have lived alongside us for thousands of years, have a rightful place in our communities, and are beings with inherent value who deserve to be protected.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-humane-management-of-cat-populations-nbsp">Humane management of cat populations&nbsp;</h2>



Global Cat Day emphasizes the importance of humane methods for managing cat populations, particularly through Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs.&nbsp;



These programs involve trapping stray and feral cats, having them neutered or spayed, and then returning them to their original location.&nbsp;



Trap-Neuter-Return programs help control the feral cat population without resorting to euthanasia. They improve the quality of life for both cats and communities.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-significance-of-global-cat-day">Significance of Global Cat Day</h2>



Global Cat Day also promotes the adoption of cats from shelters, responsible pet ownership, and the protection of cats from harm and neglect. It is an opportunity to take action to improve the lives of cats worldwide.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-adopting-a-shelter-pet">Adopting a shelter pet</h3>



Adopting a cat from a shelter is a rewarding experience that can be life-changing for you and your new pet.&nbsp;



There are a variety of cats at the shelter, each with their own <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/dogs-are-better-at-expressing-emotions-than-cats-except-for-anger/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">personality</a> and background. Some are shy, while others are more curious and eager to meet new people.&nbsp;



Whether it's a playful <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/kittens-who-socialize-with-humans-are-less-fearful-aggressive/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">kitten</a> or a calm, older cat, you should choose the best companion to fit your lifestyle.&nbsp;



Rescuing a cat can be incredibly fulfilling, especially knowing that you have given them a second chance at a happy life.



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-responsible-ownership-nbsp">Responsible ownership&nbsp;</h3>



Responsible cat ownership involves providing a safe and healthy environment for your cat while considering the impact they may have on your household, neighborhood, and the broader environment.&nbsp;



Beyond providing your cat with basic needs, such as food, water, and regular veterinary care, it is important to provide mental and physical stimulation to keep your pet happy and healthy.&nbsp;



It is also important to make sure your home is safe and that your cat has comfortable spaces to rest and explore.



Another aspect of responsible ownership involves minimizing the impact cats may have on <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/free-ranging-cats-are-one-of-the-most-problematic-invasive-species/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wildlife</a>, particularly birds and small animals, by keeping them indoors or supervising their time outdoors.&nbsp;



<h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-protecting-cats-from-harm-nbsp">Protecting cats from harm&nbsp;</h3>



For indoor cats, remove hazards like toxic plants, harmful chemicals, or objects they could ingest or injure themselves on.&nbsp;



For cats with outdoor access, it is important to limit their exposure to dangers such as traffic, predators, or other animals.&nbsp;



Unlike their wild ancestors, many <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/the-most-beloved-cats-are-more-likely-to-be-destructive/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">domesticated cats</a> lack the skills or resources to protect themselves from dangers in urban or suburban environments.



To advocate against abuse, you should report suspected cases of neglect to local authorities or animal welfare organizations.&nbsp;



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-raising-awareness-about-cat-welfare-nbsp">Raising awareness about cat welfare&nbsp;</h2>



When cats are cared for properly, they are healthier, happier, and less likely to suffer from preventable diseases, malnutrition, or injuries.



Beyond individual animals, cat welfare plays a role in managing the overall population.&nbsp;



Without proper care, particularly spaying and neutering, stray and feral cat populations can grow rapidly, leading to challenges like overpopulation, the spread of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/feline-coronavirus-is-passed-between-domestic-and-wild-cats/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">disease</a>, and environmental impacts.



By prioritizing cat welfare, communities can address these issues humanely and sustainably, promoting balance in the ecosystem.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-celebrating-global-cat-day-nbsp">Celebrating Global Cat Day&nbsp;</h2>



According to Charlene Pedrolie, president and chief operating officer of Alley Cat Allies, today is about embracing the global truth that Cats Are Community.



“Cats Are Community is a powerful recognition that every neighborhood, city, and country worldwide must have humane, non-lethal policies and programs that treat all cats as community members," said Pedrolie.



"Evidence-based Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR), the only humane and effective approach to community cats outdoors, must be central to these policies. That is the thought leadership and change Global Cat Day is all about.”



People worldwide are encouraged to discover more ways to get involved at <a href="http://www.globalcatday.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GlobalCatDay.org</a>.



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Global Cat Day: Creating life-saving change for cats 

Global Cat Day, celebrated each year on October 16, is...

Do you recall who taught you in the second year of school? Some memories last a lifetime, while others are just a fleeting moment.



About 50 years back, a considerable leap was made in cognitive science. Scientists discovered that a particular region of our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/human-brains-create-three-copies-of-every-memory-we-make/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">brain</a>, the medial temporal lobe (MTL), stood guard over our long-term declarative memories - those of explicit details like names, dates, and events.



When MTL is damaged, these long-term memories get lost, leaving victims living a life of moments, unable to recall information just a minute or two beyond the arena of the present conversation.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-memories-of-motor-skills">Memories of motor skills</h2>



Interestingly, those very people with a damaged MTL were observed to possess the capability of learning new motor skills, not only learning them but retaining these skills for days, months, or even more. This gave a clear indicator that MTL damage did minimal to no harm to the memories of motor skills.



This discovery prompts an intriguing question: Where in the human brain are these long-term motor skill memories, like riding a bike or tying a shoelace, stored?



Is it so that our brain compartmentalizes short and long-term sensorimotor memories in distinct, specialized regions?



These questions have baffled researchers for years, provoking curiosity and investigations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-mysteries-of-motor-skills-and-memory">Mysteries of motor skills and memory</h2>



Researchers from the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (<a href="https://seas.harvard.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">SEAS</a>), have found that similar to declarative memories, the memories of short-term and long-term motor skills are also stored in separate regions of our brain. 



The experts determined that the <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/how-do-specialized-regions-develop-in-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cerebellum</a> is the central hub for the storage of long-term skill memories.



The research, offering new perspectives on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor learning, was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).



Maurice Smith is the Gordon McKay Professor of Bioengineering at SEAS and the principal investigator of the study.



“This work advances our understanding of the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor learning and points towards the role of the cerebellum as a gateway to the formation of stable memories for sensorimotor skills, largely independent of the short-term memory systems,” said Smith.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-motor-memories-and-the-cerebellum">Motor memories and the cerebellum </h2>



Past studies have shown the crucial role the cerebellum plays in motor learning, but how it contributes to the formation of short-term and long-term skill memory was blurry. 



To look deeper into the relationship, Smith and Alkis Hadjiosif, a postdoctoral fellow at SEAS and <a href="https://www.massgeneral.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Massachusetts General Hospital</a>, reviewed previous studies on motor learning in patients with cerebellar damage.



There were disparities in the severity of motor learning impairments among patients with cerebellar damage across different studies. Smith and Hadjiosif theorized that these discrepancies were due to the subtle differences in the time between trials, the "memory window."



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-cerebellar-damage-and-motor-memories">Cerebellar damage and motor memories</h2>



The hypothesis was based on the idea that cerebellar damage specifically impairs long-term sensorimotor memory. Therefore, longer memory windows would increase dependency on the impaired long-term memory.



To test their theory, Smith and Hadjiosif explored unreported data from previous studies, specifically the intertrial intervals. They discovered that studies with shorter intertrial intervals reported only minor impairments in learning for patients with severe cerebellar diseases.



Upon further analysis, they found that patients displaying near-normal performance on short interval trials were significantly impaired on long interval trials. This observation held true across the data from different studies.



The finding shed light on the importance of time in understanding the degradation of memory in patients with cerebellar degeneration. This solves the puzzle of varying results across different studies involving cerebellar damage's effects on sensorimotor learning ability.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-implications-for-rehabilitation">Implications for rehabilitation</h2>



This nuanced understanding of the cerebellum's role in sensorimotor memory formation could have profound implications for rehabilitation strategies in patients suffering from cerebellar damage. 



The research suggests that traditional approaches that do not differentiate between short and long-term memory strategies may need to be reconsidered.



Therapeutic practices could be adapted to prioritize shorter training intervals, leveraging preserved short-term memory capabilities to compensate for long-term memory impairments. 



These adaptive strategies could enhance rehabilitation outcomes, offering a tailored approach designed to exploit the intact facilities of sensorimotor <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/zombie-neurons-shed-new-light-on-learning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a>.



By focusing on modifying the temporal dynamics of rehabilitation exercises, clinicians might significantly improve motor recovery and skill retention in affected individuals.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-future-research-directions">Future research directions</h2>



The discovery opens numerous avenues for future research on motor skill memories, looking beyond traditional paradigms of memory storage and retrieval. One significant pathway involves exploring how neural plasticity can be harnessed to aid long-term skill formation despite cerebellar deficits. 



Additionally, researchers are interested in unraveling how other brain regions might compensate for cerebellar impairments, possibly through the recruitment of alternative neural pathways. 



Moreover, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes could unlock new therapeutic targets to enhance cognitive and motor recovery. 



Finally, interdisciplinary collaborations encompassing neuroscience, bioengineering, and clinical therapy are likely to propel advancements in this field, providing new insights into the brain's remarkable ability to adapt and reorganize itself.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-broader-implications-of-the-study">Broader implications of the study</h2>



“These findings highlight how important time is to understanding memory degradation in patients with cerebellar degeneration and solve the mystery of the trial-to-trial and study-to-study variability in the effects of cerebellar damage on sensorimotor learning ability,” said Smith. 



“Our research usually involves designing new experimental manipulations to acquire novel data sets that can provide insight into the mechanisms for learning and memory, but sometimes simply looking at old data through the right lens can be even more illuminating.”



As we progress in our journey to understand the human brain’s intricate mechanisms, every piece of data counts. Sometimes, a new perspective on old data can lead to breakthroughs in our grasp of <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/sleep-is-essential-for-memory-formation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">learning</a>, motor skills and memory.



Such is the nature of research - a relentless cycle of question and discovery, an eternal quest for understanding.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2411459121" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</a>.



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How do we remember how to ride a bike?

Do you recall who taught you in the second year...

Hunger is a word that resonates with an unfortunate 733 million humans across the globe daily. Food, or the lack of it, is a poignant issue in today's world. In an era where we've got plenty of food to feed every soul on Earth, it seems paradoxical that so many still don't get their share.



How is it possible that despite producing all the food, many cultivators are still left desperate for a meal? We have landed on the moon, yet we can't ensure our fellow humans have a meal on their table. 



This is a grim picture of economic disparity and social inequality that transcends borders and nations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-not-just-food-but-foods">Not just food, but FOODS</h2>



Three <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/global-drought-has-caused-crisis-levels-of-food-and-water-scarcity/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">simple things</a> we need to survive - air, water, and food. However, the narrative has shifted towards celebrating FOODS, and not merely food on World Food Day. 



The extra "S" stands for so much more - diversity, nutrition, affordability, accessibility, and safety. 



It is a resounding call to action, urging us all to ensure our plates resemble a vibrant rainbow of nutrients.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-global-food-snapshot">Global food snapshot</h2>



To put it bluntly, a distressing 2.8 billion people worldwide cannot afford a wholesome diet. Unhealthy diets are now a harbinger of malnutrition in all forms – from undernutrition to obesity.&nbsp;



This isn't something relegated to a specific demographic or geographic region; the problem is widespread and carries significant socioeconomic and environmental implications.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-leading-the-fight-against-hunger">Leading the fight against hunger</h2>



Our current agrifood systems are trapped in a vicious cycle. While they're severely threatened by disasters and crises, they also contribute directly to them.&nbsp;



Agricultural activities lead to pollution, soil degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions. What's needed is a transformation - an essential shift to tackle climate change and build resilience.



One such organization leading this fight against hunger is the Food and Agriculture Organization (<a href="https://www.fao.org/home/en" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">FAO</a>). In 2023 alone, their initiatives provided crucial agricultural support to an astounding 57 million people.



From influencing policies and legislation to reshaping agrifood systems in developing nations, FAO has been at the frontlines of this battle.



Achieving a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/futuristic-food-supply-transforming-co2-into-protein/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">food-secure world</a> is no small task. It calls for a mammoth effort, and for us, the consumers, to step up. We can contribute by urging actions from our government, making healthier food choices, reducing food waste, and safeguarding our environment.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-rethinking-healthy-food-habits">Rethinking healthy food habits</h2>



Healthy diets go beyond just eating. They require balance, variety, and moderation in our dietary habits. It's about time our agrifood systems paved the way for everyone to access such <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/what-you-eat-can-literally-change-the-world/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">diets</a>, promising a healthier humanity and a sustainable planet.



In 2024, we commemorate the 20th anniversary of a significant milestone that has guided governments worldwide – “Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-innovations-in-agritech">Innovations in agritech</h2>



The advancement in agritech presents a beacon of hope, promising transformative changes in traditional agricultural practices. 



Cutting-edge technologies such as precision farming, genetic engineering, and smart irrigation systems are revolutionizing how we cultivate crops and manage resources. By utilizing data analytics and remote sensing, precision farming allows farmers to optimize yields and reduce waste. 



Genetic engineering offers the potential to develop crop varieties that are resistant to diseases and better adapted to climate fluctuations. Smart irrigation systems, powered by IoT devices, ensure efficient water use, crucial for areas facing water scarcity. 



The integration of technology in agriculture is crucial for fostering a sustainable future, addressing food security, and mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-education-and-empowerment">Education and empowerment</h2>



Education emerges as a powerful catalyst for driving sustainable change in global food security. By equipping individuals, particularly women and youth, with knowledge and resources, communities can strengthen their resilience against food insecurity.&nbsp;



Educational programs focused on nutrition, sustainable farming practices, and business skills empower people to make informed decisions that enhance systems.&nbsp;



Furthermore, collaborations between governments, educational institutions, and NGOs can amplify the impact, ensuring that education leads to tangible improvements in reducing hunger and promoting a thriving global society.



As we navigate these critical times, what we need is unity of purpose. Our collective steps and voices can make a difference. Let's work together to ensure no one goes hungry, today or tomorrow. 



Let's celebrate FOODS, in all its diversity and goodness. We must remember that it's not just about food - it's about FOODS.



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World Food Day 2024: Fighting global hunger

Hunger is a word that resonates with an unfortunate 733...

Information shapes our perceptions and decisions, but what happens when we don’t have the whole story? 



Most of us have experienced that moment in a debate when we are utterly convinced we’re right, only to later discover that we were missing key details.



This phenomenon, termed the "illusion of information adequacy," reveals our tendency to assume we have enough data to make informed decisions, even when critical details are missing.



Recent research explores this intriguing concept, uncovering how we often believe our judgments are well-founded despite incomplete information.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-illusion-of-information-adequacy">The illusion of information adequacy</h2>



The illusion of information adequacy refers to the natural assumption that we have all the necessary data to make informed decisions or to defend our stances. 



"We found that, in general, people don’t stop to think whether there might be more information that would help them make a more informed decision," noted study co-author Angus Fletcher, a professor at <a href="https://www.osu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Ohio State University</a>.



According to Professor Fletcher, when individuals encounter a few aligned pieces of information, they're quick to conclude, "that sounds about right," and proceed accordingly.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-focus-of-the-research">Focus of the research </h2>



In an attempt to better understand this intriguing human tendency, the team analyzed the behavior of 1,261 Americans. They were divided into three groups and were given an article about a fictional school that lacked adequate water.



The first group read an article supporting the idea of merging with another school, the second group's article advocated for staying separate, and the third control group read both arguments.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-confident-decisions-without-the-facts">Confident decisions without the facts</h2>



The fascinating results showed that the groups with one-sided information still felt confident in their <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/brain-cells-communicate-to-support-decision-making/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">decision-making</a>. They were inclined to follow the recommendations in the article they read. 



"Those with only half the information were actually more confident in their decision to merge or remain separate than those who had the complete story," noted Professor Fletcher.



Interestingly, those who lacked complete information even assumed that most people would make the same decision they did.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-different-behavioral-patterns-revealed">Different behavioral patterns revealed</h2>



Despite the concerning findings, Professor Fletcher shared an optimistic perspective. In the study, many of the participants who initially had one-sided information changed their minds upon encountering the other side's argument.



However, this may not apply universally, especially regarding deeply entrenched ideological issues. Often, people might mistrust new information or reframe it to align it with their pre-existing <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/self-serving-bias-distorting-beliefs-about-others-feel-better/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">beliefs</a>.



The study's findings shed light on another interesting <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/pandemic-restrictions-had-a-lasting-effect-on-behavior-patterns/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">behavioral pattern</a> - naive realism. This refers to the belief that one's subjective perception of a situation is the complete objective truth.



The illusion of information adequacy, however, shows that people may share the same understanding - if they both are adequately informed.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-fighting-the-illusion-of-information-adequacy">Fighting the illusion of information adequacy </h2>



Fletcher, who also investigates the impact of narratives on people, advises everyone to ensure they have the full story before assuming a stance or making a <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/quick-decisions-are-often-biased-and-misleading/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">decision</a>. 



"Your first move when you disagree with someone should be to think, 'Is there something that I’m missing that would help me see their perspective and understand their position better?' That’s the way to fight this illusion of information adequacy," said Fletcher. 



According to the researchers, their results provide broad support for the theory that individuals maintain the illusion that they have adequate information, and this illusion impacts several downstream outcomes related to decision-making.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-information-gaps-and-decision-making-pitfalls">Information gaps and decision-making pitfalls</h2>



In decision-making, the illusion of having enough information can lead us into traps. The study demonstrates that when people receive incomplete or one-sided information, they not only feel confident but often more convinced of their stance than if they had access to the full picture.



This overconfidence stems from our tendency to fill in missing information with assumptions that reinforce our beliefs.



The research suggests that information gaps can contribute to a rigid mindset, where new insights are either dismissed or reshaped to fit an existing narrative. 



By being aware of these information gaps, we can better navigate complex situations, question our assumptions, and ultimately make decisions that are more nuanced, informed, and reflective of the broader context.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0310216" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">PLoS ONE</a>.



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Why people often believe they are right, even when they're wrong

Information shapes our perceptions and decisions, but what happens when...

Blood type plays a fascinating role in the world of human biology, influencing various aspects of our well-being. This particular characteristic has piqued the curiosity of scientists and doctors for years.



A recent study has uncovered a potential link between certain blood types and an increased risk of experiencing an early stroke.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-human-blood-types">Human blood types</h2>



Before we dive into the finer details of this study, it's important to have a basic understanding. 



The yardstick that we use to distinguish human blood types, known as the ABO blood group system, recognizes A, B, AB, and O as the main blood types. 



These labels arise from particular chemical components present in our <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/blood-stem-cells-grown-in-the-lab-for-first-time-ever-leukemia-treatment/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">red blood cells</a>. However, beneath these general categories lie subtle variations, the result of gene mutations.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-blood-type-and-early-stroke">Blood type and early stroke</h2>



A detailed research venture in 2022 explored the connection between the gene responsible for the A1 subgroup and the likelihood of having an early <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/millions-of-americans-are-at-risk-of-a-stroke-from-intense-exercise/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">stroke</a>. 



The researchers scrutinized data from 48 genetic studies, including 17,000 stroke patients and approximately 600,000 non-stroke individuals, all between the ages 18 and 59.



The researchers conducted a genome-wide search and found two locations that were strongly associated with an earlier risk of stroke. Interestingly, one of these locations coincided with the site where the genes for blood type reside.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-blood-type-a-and-stroke-risk">Blood type A and stroke risk</h2>



When the researchers looked closer at specific blood type genes, they made an astonishing discovery. 



Those people whose genome coded for a version of the A group had a 16 percent higher chance of suffering a stroke before age 60 compared to other blood types. 



On the other hand, individuals with a gene for group O1 had a 12 percent lower stroke risk. These riveting findings were shared by senior author and vascular neurologist Steven Kittner from the <a href="https://umd.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">University of Maryland</a>.



However, the experts emphasized that the extra stroke risk for people with type A blood is relatively slight. As such, these individuals do not need to worry about more surveillance or check-ups.



Though it's still a bit of a mystery, the increased risk may be tied to components involved in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/artificial-sweetener-erythritol-sugar-substitute-linked-to-blood-clots-heart-disease/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">blood clot</a> formation, including platelets, cells lining blood vessels, and various circulating proteins.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-early-and-late-stroke">Early and late stroke</h2>



An intriguing part of the study cropped up when comparing those who had a stroke before 60 to those who had one after this age. 



The increased <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/young-adults-with-migraines-have-a-greater-stroke-risk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">stroke risk</a> accompanying type A blood dwindled quite significantly in the late-onset stroke group. It implies the triggers for early-life strokes may differ from those later in life.



It is worth noting that strokes in younger people are seldom caused by atherosclerosis, the accumulation of fatty patches in arteries. They are more often provoked by factors connected to clot formation.



Additionally, the study identified that people with type B blood had roughly an 11 percent increased likelihood of having a stroke, irrespective of their age.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-blood-type-and-cardiovascular-health">Blood type and cardiovascular health</h2>



Earlier research has shown that the part of the genome associated with blood type, known as the "ABO locus," is tied with coronary artery calcification, which can limit <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/exercise-increases-blood-flow-to-the-brain/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">blood flow</a> and up the risk of a heart attack.



Similarly, the A and B blood type genetic sequences have been linked to a slightly elevated risk of venous thrombosis, or blood clots in veins.



Despite needing more studies to shed light on these discoveries, it appears our blood type could harbor more health secrets than we previously suspected, particularly regarding our stroke risk.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-genetics-and-stroke-risk">Genetics and stroke risk</h2>



While blood type offers an interesting peek into stroke risk, it's merely a part of the larger picture. Genetics wield a hefty influence on our susceptibility to various heart-related conditions, including stroke.



 In the same study, it was noted that other genetic markers, apart from the ABO blood group, were associated with early onset stroke. 



These markers affect elements like blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and inflammatory responses, all of which can alter stroke risk.



A deeper understanding of this broad genetic landscape aids scientists in identifying those who may be at higher risk. 



The progress in genetic testing could potentially lead to more personalized health approaches, allowing individuals to lower their risks based on their unique genetic makeup. 



While blood type provides valuable insights, it remains a part of a more intricate interplay between genetics and lifestyle choices that determine stroke risk.



The study is published in the journal <a href="https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Neurology</a>.



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Blood type is linked to your risk of having a stroke

Blood type plays a fascinating role in the world of...

In a report published in The Conversation, experts describe the potentially catastrophic crises faced by humanity, and our failure to acknowledge our interconnectedness with nature. 



The authors of the <a href="https://theconversation.com/humanitys-future-depends-on-our-ability-to-live-in-harmony-with-nature-233042" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">report</a> - Liette Vasseur, Anders Hayden and Mike Jones - note that our current mindset is focused on competition, growth and profit. This, they say, has been a key contributor to social and ecological crises



Humanity stands on the brink of a series of trials, each one potentially more devastating than the last. 



Our ongoing battles against inequality, poverty, inadequate food supplies, environmental turmoil, and loss of biodiversity suggest that we might have overstepped as hosts. 



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-can-nature-continue-to-sustain-life">Can nature continue to sustain life?</h2>



Our existence is woven into complex systems. A single tug at one thread resonates through the entire fabric. 



Societies often turn a blind eye to these <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/earth-day-2024-the-tide-may-finally-be-turning/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">interconnections</a>, leading to a one-sided, exploitative relationship with nature. Our perceived superiority over other living beings, defined by race, gender, economic status, or species, fuels such exploitative tendencies.



Our growth-focused, competitive mindset has been a thorn in the side of both social and ecological welfare for years. 



What's truly chilling isn't the damage already done but the delicate state in which it leaves our environment. Have our actions pushed nature to a precipice, beyond which it can't sustain life?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-straddling-the-fence">Straddling the fence</h2>



As we ponder over our collective survival and prosperity, addressing these <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/world-environment-day-2024-a-call-for-land-restoration/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">interconnected</a> crises becomes non-negotiable. 



While initiatives like Earth for All and the United Nations' Pact for the Future offer some guidance, they fall short of the sweeping change we need. It's like trying to put out a forest fire with a water pistol.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-sustainable-and-equitable-future">Sustainable and equitable future </h2>



What does this profound change entail? It's not merely about minor adjustments to existing systems; it's about revamping our interactions with the environment. 



In their report, the experts note that we must reciprocate what we take from nature. They emphasize that <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/tackling-the-dual-crises-of-climate-and-nature/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sustainable</a> and equitable well-being must be placed at the center of human societies.



The ability to lead good lives without overshooting our planet's boundaries is a tightrope walk we need to master. This balancing act requires an economic perspective that encourages living in harmony with nature, not against it.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-daunting-yet-achievable">Daunting yet achievable</h2>



This transformation might seem like a Herculean task, but it's achievable. Communities from Puget Sound to Sumas First Nation serve as living proof of this possibility. The experts pointed out that in these communities, people are already living in ways that allow humans and ecosystems to flourish.



We, as adaptable creatures with the gift of foresight, have the capacity to transform systems through cooperation.



Our personal choices matter, but their influence magnifies when we unite for systemic changes in our communities, organizations, and the broader society. So, how about we pull together and accelerate this transition?



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nature-friendly-sustainable-future">Nature-friendly sustainable future </h2>



Embracing a lifestyle intertwined with nature requires collaborative, equitable action, purposeful efforts, and communication across cultures. 



Let's start pondering over the ripple effects of our actions and contemplate both their immediate and long-term <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/bird-extinctions-shatter-the-harmonious-balance-of-nature/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">repercussions</a>. It’s time we took the reins and crafted more fair and sustainable societal systems.



Addressing the plethora of problems we face requires a diverse toolkit of solutions, sourced from both formal knowledge, like scientific research, and traditional wisdom, such as Indigenous ecological knowledge. Imagine the swell of creativity we could unleash by blending these different knowledge systems.



This reformation is not just about changing our mindset; it’s also about reshaping our technological systems. 



Technology, often a tool for exploitation, bears <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/world-environment-day-the-critical-role-of-nature-in-human-well-being/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">massive potential for positive changes</a>. With a systems thinking approach, we can steer technological innovations towards equity and sustainability.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-a-circular-economy">A circular economy</h2>



Moving towards a circular economy is key to redesigning the relationship between humankind and the environment. 



Unlike the existing “use, produce, discard” model, the circular economy aims to minimize waste and maximize resource use through restorative and regenerative processes. This approach encourages a complete redesign of production processes to prioritize reuse and recycling materials. 



Not only does it reduce environmental harm, but it also creates economic opportunities and jobs, paving the way for a sustainable future within our planet’s resource limits.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-education-key-to-change">Education: Key to change</h2>



Education stands as a powerful force in driving our transition to a more sustainable and equitable future. It’s the lantern that illuminates the interconnectedness of social, economic, and environmental systems, inspiring actionable change. 



By integrating sustainability principles into educational curricula, we can equip future generations with the knowledge and skills to address global challenges of nature. 



More than just enlightening, education can foster a sense of responsibility towards our planet, nurturing leaders who can champion innovation and sustainable policies.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-nature-sustainability-and-our-future">Nature, sustainability, and our future</h2>



Significant changes loom over Earth's natural environments and societal systems. Our survival depends on our ability to plan for these challenges proactively. 



We need more than incremental changes to tackle these threats. "What is needed is radical transformation aimed at creating just and flourishing relationships between nature and humanity for the benefit of all current and future life on Earth," the experts concluded.



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We must live in harmony with nature to create a sustainable future

In a report published in The Conversation, experts describe the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Nushagak Bay, a large estuary in southwest Alaska. Nushagak runs mainly north to south and exits in Bristol Bay, a large body of water in the Bering Sea.



"The bay is primarily fed by the Nushagak River, which begins in the Alaska Range and flows southwest approximately 450 km. The bay is also fed by several additional rivers including the Wood, Igushik, Snake and Weary rivers," says ESA.



"The dark colors of the Nushagak River are most likely due to tannins or lignins (chemical substances found in plants). Tannins and lignins from roots, leaves, seeds, bark and soil can leach into the water and give it a brown or even black colour. The sediments then flow southwards where it is mixed with the bluer waters of the bay."



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Nushagak Bay in southwest Alaska

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) reveals that proteins on flu viruses are actually flexible, tilting and waving in a “breath-like” motion. According to the experts, these proteins could be used to better defend against the flu.



"The main antigenic targets of influenza virus are two surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Whereas the structural and dynamical properties of both glycoproteins have been studied previously, the understanding of their plasticity in the whole-virion context is fragmented," wrote the researchers.



To investigate, the team conducted detailed simulations of the influenza A H1N1 virion, or the swine flu. The experts concluded that the visualizations show many new vulnerable states of flu viruses, which could improve future vaccines and antiviral drugs.



Video/ Image Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



---



By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Flu viruses are more flexible than expected

[sendtonews key="G9bUoxcjr4-2511624-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Lake Trasimeno, which is located west of Perugia in central Italy. It is the fourth largest lake in the country. While Trasimeno’s water level varies, it has a maximum depth of approximately six meters.&nbsp;



"In this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 6 August 2022, the lake’s emerald green colour is likely due to the presence of phytoplankton. Streaks in the water, particularly visible in the west, indicate the presence of soil and sediments which have been stirred up by winds. Dark colored waters in the southern part of the lake indicate a presence of submerged and floating macrophytes (aquatic plants) as well as algae," says ESA.



"Surrounded by hills on three sides, Trasimeno is subject to heavy storms created by winds, especially from the north and west. There are three islets in the lake: Maggiore, Minore and Polvese (the largest). The lake’s shores are sparsely inhabited with only two popular villages: Castiglione del Lago and Passignano sul Trasimeno."



"Italy is experiencing its worst drought in 70 years which has affected drinking water supplies, hydroelectric power and agricultural production. High temperatures, hot winds and lack of rainfall are the main causes of drought in the Umbrian region which saw Lake Trasimeno’s drop 1.3 m, reaching the limit of the hydrometric zero in July 2022."



Video/Image Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Lake Trasimeno in Central Italy

[sendtonews key="3upvlAaHgO-2256633-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> describes a new self-powered nanosensor that can instantly detect mercury contamination with the tap of a finger.&nbsp;



The oxidized form of mercury can be harmful when it is ingested through contaminated water or food. This makes it necessary for experts to develop sensors that can quickly and accurately detect the presence of mercury.&nbsp;



Zong-Hong Lin and colleagues have now created a triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) that can detect mercury by simply by touching a sample. According to the researchers, their TENS could serve as the basis for similar devices to safely and remotely monitor other pollutants.



Video Credit: American Chemical Society&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Detecting mercury contamination with the tap of a finger

[sendtonews key="LvS8v8bp9z-2564889-12187" type="single"] Today's Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.acs.org/">American Chemical Society</a> explores the ability of salt to transform the way that foods and beverages taste. Salt is known to cover up undesirable flavors, such as bitterness in coffee or beer, but how exactly does sodium chloride change the taste of other compounds?



One previous study showed that, not only does salt suppress bitterness, but also enhances sweetness and sourness. Another study revealed that bitterness reduction by salt seems to be happening at the tongue receptor level as well as in the brain.&nbsp;



While it is known that salt taste is mediated by the presence of sodium channels in the form of taste buds, experts believe that there is also an unknown receptor responsible for how we taste salt that has not yet been identified.&nbsp;



Video Credit: ACS Reactions



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

How does salt makes things taste better?

[sendtonews key="X0f6OHYoI4-2310561-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Santiago, the capital city of Chile. The city is located in the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of about eight million people.&nbsp;



'The weather of Santiago resembles the Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers with temperatures reaching up to 35°C (from October to March) and cool and humid winters that can drop to 0°C (from April to September)."



"The city lies in the centre of the country’s central valley around 80 km from the Pacific Ocean to the west and borders Argentina to the east. A tiny part of Argentina is visible in the top-right corner of the image where the mountain crest of the Andes Mountains acts as a divider between the two countries," says ESA.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Santiago, Chile in South America

[sendtonews key="JRaP49ISmm-2357509-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

Spiral,Galaxy,,Illustration,Of,Milky,Way

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Astronomers at <a href="https://www.jhu.edu/">Johns Hopkins University</a> have created an interactive map of the universe, including the actual position and real colors of 200,000 galaxies. The map allows the public to access data that was previously only available to scientists.



The map was developed using data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For over two decades, a telescope in New Mexico was aimed at slightly different locations to capture the night sky.&nbsp;



"Growing up I was very inspired by astronomy pictures, stars, nebulae and galaxies, and now it's our time to create a new type of picture to inspire people," said map creator Brice Ménard, a professor at Johns Hopkins. "Astrophysicists around the world have been analyzing this data for years, leading to thousands of scientific papers and discoveries. But nobody took the time to create a map that is beautiful, scientifically accurate, and accessible to people who are not scientists. Our goal here is to show everybody what the universe really looks like."



"In this map, we are just a speck at the very bottom, just one pixel. And when I say we, I mean our galaxy, the Milky Way which has billions of stars and planets. We are used to seeing astronomical pictures showing one galaxy here, one galaxy there or perhaps a group of galaxies. But what this map shows is a very, very different scale."



"From this speck at the bottom, we are able to map out galaxies across the entire universe, and that says something about the power of science."



The <a href="https://mapoftheuniverse.net/">interactive map</a> is available online, where it can be downloaded for free.



Video Credit: Johns Hopkins&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Interactive map of the universe includes 200,000 galaxies

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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky" Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features northwest Lesotho in South Africa.



According to ESA, Lesotho is the only nation in the world that lies completely above 1,000 m in elevation. The country is famous for its tall mountains and narrow valleys, and is known as Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky."



Out of a population of around two million people, about 80 percent live in rural areas. More than 75 percent of these people are engaged in <a href="https://www.earth.com/news/climate-change-will-have-a-global-impact-on-agriculture/">agriculture</a>, including rainfed cereal production and animal grazing.&nbsp;



ESA reports that the country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, with climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently. 



Diamonds are amongst the minerals found in the mountains. Indeed, Lesotho can truly be called the Kingdom in the Sky. Beautiful, culturally rich, safe, affordable, and easily accessible from Durban and Johannesburg, mountainous Lesotho is a vastly underrated travel destination. the Kingdom of Lesotho (Sotho: 'Muso oa Lesotho) is an enclaved country in southern Africa. It is just over 30,000 km2 (11,583 sq mi) in size and has a population of around 2 million.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer 



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Lesotho: Africa's "Kingdom in the Sky"

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features Dublin, the capital and largest city of Ireland. Beyond its pub culture, Dublin is known as a modern culinary destination and a UNESCO City of Literature.



"Dublin is located near the midpoint of Ireland’s east coast in the province of Leinster. The city, which covers an area of around 115 square kilometers, is bordered by the Dublin Mountains, a low mountain range to the south, and is surrounded by flat farmland to the north and west," says ESA.



"The city straddles the River Liffey, which rises in the Wicklow Mountains and flows around 80 kilometers eastwards through the city of Dublin, in which it is canalised and bordered with quays. It then empties into Dublin Bay, an arm of the Irish Sea."



Dublin has an abundance of green spaces, including one of the largest enclosed public parks in any European capital city. Phoenix Park, which was originally formed as a royal hunting park in the 1660s, includes 707 hectares of green space.



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The city of Dublin on Ireland's east coast

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain. The image was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.



"Together with the provinces of Huesca and Teruel, Zaragoza formed the old kingdom of Aragon. Its capital, also called Zaragoza (not visible in this image) is home to around half of Aragon’s population," says ESA.



"The Ebro River can be seen winding its way through the province from west to east in this image. Between its source in the Cantabrian Mountains in the northwest and its delta on the Mediterranean coast, the Ebro River is fed by more than 200 tributaries as it flows 910 km across much of northern Spain."



Since rainfall is very scarce in this region, irrigation in the Ebro basin is critically important. In the valleys surrounding the Ebro River, many fields are used for growing crops such as corn, wheat, and barley.



Video/ Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The province of Zaragoza in northeast Spain

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> reveals the evolution of the Columbia Glacier in southeastern Alaska. Columbia is among the fastest shrinking glaciers in the world, and the video documents its rapid retreat over the years.&nbsp;



Columbia Glacier is a large, multi-branched calving glacier that flows out of the Chugach Mountains to the Prince William Sound.&nbsp;



According to USGS, Columbia had a long history of stability prior to 1980, with a length 41 miles, and small, short-lived advances or retreats.



In the years since 1980, however, satellite images have captured Columbia’s alarming retreat. By using false-color images, scientists can distinguish between snow and ice, open water, vegetation, and rocky debris on the glacier’s surface.



The series of false-color images featured in today's video were acquired over the span of 35 years. You can see that by 2021, the glacier’s main branch had retreated about 15 miles from its initial position.



The Columbia Glacier has also lost more than 50 percent of its volume, mostly due to calving. <a href="https://www.earth.com/video/nasa-reveals-3d-visual-of-an-atmospheric-river/">NASA</a> reports that while climate change likely started the retreat, mechanical processes kept the disintegration going.



The NASA images are provided by Jesse Allen, Robert Simmon, Joshua Stevens, and Lauren Dauphin using data from Landsat satellites, from the U.S. Geological Survey, and data from MODIS on NASA’s Terra satellite. The structure of Columbia’s moraine played a large role in the stability of the glacier before 1980. 



Like other tidewater glaciers, the Columbia built up a moraine over time, and the mixture of ice and rock functioned like a dam keeping out the sea. It was supported on one end by the shoreline and by the underwater terminal moraine at the other.



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/&nbsp; NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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The rapid retreat of the Columbia Glacier

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> features the Pyrenees Mountains, which form a natural boundary between France and Spain in southwest Europe.



The mountain range is 430 kilometers in length. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Atlantic Ocean on the west.



At an elevation of 3404 meters, Pico de Aneto is the highest mountain peak in the Pyrenees, and the third-highest peak in Spain. Pico de Aneto is located in the Posets-Maladeta Natural Park, which spans more than 82,000 acres.&nbsp;



"Geological studies have revealed that the Pyrenees Mountains have been around for longer than the Alps, with their sediments first deposited in coastal basins during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras," reports ESA.



"The entire mountain range formed due to the upwelling of large sedimentary rocks by the collision of the Iberian and the Eurasian plate around 100 to 150 million years ago, followed by intense erosion from ice and water."



The western Pyrenees receive more precipitation due to moisture blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. The mountain range contains many lakes, several small glaciers, and some of the highest waterfalls in Europe.



Video &amp; Image Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe

[sendtonews key="6HyfrAJTBI-1831843-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...

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Today's Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes two exoplanets that are orbiting a star 218 light-years away. A team of researchers led by the University of Montreal has found evidence that these planets are "water worlds."



The experts used data from NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. They discovered that exoplanets Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 could be composed largely of water.



"We previously thought that planets that were a bit larger than Earth were big balls of metal and rock, like scaled-up versions of Earth, and that's why we called them super-Earths," explained study co-author Björn Benneke.&nbsp;



"However, we have now shown that these two planets, Kepler-138 c and d, are quite different in nature and that a big fraction of their entire volume is likely composed of water. It is the best evidence yet for water worlds, a type of planet that was theorized by astronomers to exist for a long time."



Video Credit: NASA Goddard



Image Credit: NASA, ESA, and Leah Hustak (STScI)



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Two distant planets may be "water worlds"

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Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA Goddard</a> describes Earth’s interconnected systems, and how this network is affected by rising temperatures.&nbsp;



During 2020, average global temperatures matched the hottest year on record. The hurricane season was also record-breaking, with many of the storms intensifying at extraordinary speeds. Hot water in the ocean is fuel for hurricanes. The satellite data shows that it's all one interconnected system showing how Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected.



According to NASA, dust swept up from Northern Africa plays a major role in the formation of hurricanes, and is also a key source of fertilization in the Amazon rainforest. As a result of<a href="https://www.earth.com/news/seagrass-wasting-disease-is-fueled-by-climate-change/"> climate</a> change, dust plumes are expected to decline, which will have an effect on vegetation far away.&nbsp;



Images from Earth-observing satellites show how the world’s plant life is affected by natural disasters, fires, and deforestation. Satellites also reveal how widespread changes in vegetation impact waterways,&nbsp; the climate, air quality. Satellites communicate by using radio waves to send signals to the antennas on the Earth. "Earth From Space" is a groundbreaking two-hour special that reveals a spectacular new space-based vision of our planet. 



Video Credit: NASA Goddard&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected

[sendtonews key="JbW4VsY53O-1632195-12187" type="single"] Satellites reveal how Earth's systems are interconnected...

Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://welcome.miami.edu/">University of Miami</a> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science explores how changes in water temperatures have affected tiger shark habitats and movements in the North Atlantic Ocean. The study reveals that rising temperatures have caused the sharks to shift toward the poles over the past 40 years.



“Tiger shark annual migrations have expanded poleward, paralleling rising water temperatures,” explained study lead author Neil Hammerschlag. “These results have consequences for tiger shark conservation, since shifts in their movements outside of marine protected areas may leave them more vulnerable to commercial fishing.”



The researchers analyzed nine years of tracking data from satellite-tagged tiger sharks, combined with four decades of conventional tag and recapture data provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Shark Tagging Program.



The experts found that during the last decade of record heat, for every one-degree Celsius increase in water temperatures, tiger sharks migrated further poleward by over 400 kilometers. They also migrated two weeks earlier than usual to waters off the northeastern coast of the United States.



“Given their role as apex predators, these changes to tiger shark movements may alter predator-prey interactions, leading to ecological imbalances, and more frequent encounters with humans,” concluded Professor Hammerschlag.



Video Credit: University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Tiger sharks are shifting poleward as temperatures rise

Today’s Video of the Day from the University of Miami...

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> is focused on the melt ponds that emerge during the spring and summer on the Greenland Ice Sheet, which is the largest ice mass in the northern hemisphere.



"Melt ponds are vast pools of open water that form on both sea ice and ice sheets and are visible as turquoise-blue pools of water in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image," says ESA.



"When snow and ice melts atop glaciers, water flows in channels and streams and collects in depressions on the surface. These melt ponds can speed up the melting of the surrounding ice since they greatly reduce the ice’s ability to reflect sunlight."



"This can create a positive feedback where an increasing number of melt ponds absorb more heat which causes ice cover to melt even faster."



According to ESA, Greenland has been hit with a late-season heatwave that began in early September. This caused the type of melt event that usually occurs in the middle of summer.



"In a recent paper published in Nature Climate Change, scientists found that major sea-level rise from the melting of the Greenland ice cap is now ‘inevitable’ even if the burning of fossil fuels were to halt overnight," says ESA. "Using satellite observations of Greenland ice loss and ice cap from 2000 to 2019, the team found the losses will lead to a minimum rise of 27 cm regardless of climate change."



Video Credit: ESA&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

Melt ponds on the Greenland Ice Sheet

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes a new map of Mars that is providing insight into the planet’s watery past. The map also reveals where future missions could safely land on Mars.&nbsp;



The map has been created over the last decade using observations of water-rich rocks and mineral deposits. The images were captured by ESA’s Mars Express and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.



"A big surprise is the prevalence of these minerals, with the map revealing hundreds of thousands of water-affected locations in the oldest parts of the planet," says ESA. "The new data will help answer exciting questions about Mars’ climate history, whether water was globally persistent or confined to short, intense episodes, and whether the conditions were ever suitable for life."



"Specifically, the map shows the locations and abundances of aqueous minerals. These are from rocks that have been chemically altered by the action of water in the past, and have typically been transformed into clays and salts."



According to John Carter of the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), our collective understanding of Mars has been oversimplified. He explained that planetary scientists have tended to think that only a few types of clay minerals on Mars were created during its wet period, then as the water gradually dried up, salts were produced across the planet.



The new map shows that the composition of Mars is much more complicated than what we thought. For example, while many salts formed after Martian clays, there are some salts that are presumed to be older than some of the clays.&nbsp;



“The evolution from lots of water to no water is not as clear cut as we thought, the water didn’t just stop overnight. We see a huge diversity of geological contexts, so that no one process or simple timeline can explain the evolution of the mineralogy of Mars. That’s the first result of our study. The second is that if you exclude life processes on Earth, Mars exhibits a diversity of mineralogy in geological settings just as Earth does,” said Carter.



Video Credit: ESA



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



Check us out on <a href="https://www.earth.com/earthsnap/">EarthSnap</a>, a free app brought to you by Eric Ralls and Earth.com.

The history of Mars is much more complex than we thought

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Today's Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.stowers.org/">Stowers Institute for Medical Research</a> describes how cavefish adapted to a sedentary lifestyle over tens of thousands of years. 



The experts found that the muscle metabolism of cavefish has been genetically reprogrammed over time. As a result, the animals have experienced major changes in their morphology and behavior. Despite these changes, however, the cavefish remain healthy and fit.



The research may provide new clues about the evolutionary consequences of prolonged physical inactivity in humans.&nbsp;



“It’s no surprise that people are moving less and less as technology has advanced,” said Rohner. “With cavefish, we have a unique system where we can study what might happen if people remained couch potatoes over very, very long periods of time.”



Video Credit: Stowers Institute for Medical Research



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Cavefish are healthy despite their sedentary lifestyle

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Today’s Video of the Day from <a href="https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/">NASA Earth Observatory</a> some of the most incredible waves in the world, as seen by Landsat satellites.



"With more than 370,000 miles of coastline on Earth, there are plenty of places where epic waves build up, curl over, and hurtle toward the shore.- much to the thrill of surfers," says NASA. "There are some places where these waves are so magnificent that they can be seen from space."



"With the broad perspective of satellites, we can see how these iconic waves develop into the world’s tallest, longest, fastest, and heaviest."



Video Credit: NASA Earth Observatory&nbsp;



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By <a href="mailto:csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Editor



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Satellites capture the world's biggest and fastest waves

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Today’s Video of the Day from the <a href="https://www.esa.int/">European Space Agency</a> describes why satellite images and measurements of our planet have become "essential to our survival, offering a new outlook of our world."&nbsp;



Rising sea levels pose one of the biggest societal threats associated with climate change. According to ESA, satellite altimeter missions such as Copernicus Sentinel-6 are essential in monitoring global and regional changes in sea level.



"Unbeknown to many, the island of Crete, Greece, plays an important role in the Copernicus satellite altimetry constellation and on an international stage," reports ESA.



"Satellite altimetry data have to be continuously monitored at the ESA’s Permanent Facility for Altimetry Calibration where different techniques have pioneered the use of transponders to provide the best measurements to validate satellite altimeters in space soon after launch."



Dr. Craig Donlon explains that, by understanding planet Earth through satellite measurements, we are able to find evidence of change.&nbsp;



Video Credit: European Space Agency&nbsp;



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By <a href="http://csexton@earth.com">Chrissy Sexton</a>, <a href="https://www.earth.com/staff/">Earth.com</a> Staff Writer

Satellites have become essential to our survival

[sendtonews key="761m2QQvR1-2035772-12187" type="single"] Today’s Video of the Day from the...